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e and Veterinary Medicine. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co., Ltd.As major fuels for the small intestinal mucosa, dietary amino acids (AA) are catabolized in the mitochondria and serve as sources of energy production. The present study was conducted to investigate AA metabolism that supply cell energy and the underlying signaling pathways in porcine enterocytes. Intestinal porcine epithelial cells (IPEC-J2) were treated with different concentrations of AA, inhibitor, or agonist of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) and adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK), and mitochondrial respiration was monitored. The results showed that AA treatments resulted in enhanced mitochondrial respiration, increased intracellular content of pyruvic acid and lactic acid, and increased hormone-sensitive lipase mRNA expression. Meanwhile, decreased citrate synthase, isocitrate dehydrogenase alpha, and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 mRNA expression were also observed. We found that AA treatments increased the protein levels of phosphorylated mammalian target of raptream regulators of mTOR, were also up-regulated by AMPK activation. On the other hand, AMPK activation also down-regulated FK506-binding protein 1A (FKBP1A), serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 55 kDa regulatory subunit B beta isoform, phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), and unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1 (Ulk1), which are up-stream regulators of mTORC1. Taken together, these data indicated that AA regulated cellular energy metabolism through mTOR and AMPK pathway in porcine enterocytes. These results demonstrated interactions of AMPK and mTORC1 pathways in AA catabolism and energy metabolism in intestinal mucosa cells of piglets, and also provided reference for using AA to remedy human intestinal diseases. © 2020 Chinese Association of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co., Ltd.Silage of high moisture sorghum grains is a highly relevant source of energy in cattle production systems in South America. There is little information related to the chemical characteristics, the kinetics of fermentation and the toxic fungal populations of these feedstuffs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of storage time and condensed tannins content of the grain on chemical composition, in vitro fermentation parameters, and toxicogenic fungal populations of moist sorghum grain stored in silo-bags. Samples of 2 varieties of sorghum grains (high-tannin [HT] and low-tannin [LT]), were obtained during the grain harvest before silage making and after 30, 90, and 180 d of storage (n = 16). High-tannin grains had higher acid detergent fiber, tannins, gas production (P  less then  0.05) and lower starch and rate of gas production (P  less then  0.01). Interaction variety × storage time were observed for all chemical parameters (P  less then  0.01), except for neutral detergent fiber assayed with a heat stable amylase and expressed inclusive of residual ash (aNDF) and pH. Starch and protein content increased in both varieties, tannins decreased in HT and LT, and organic matter (OM) increased in HT and declined in LT (P  less then  0.05). The rate of gas production increased with the storage time for HT and LT (P  less then  0.01). A linear reduction in the Aspergillus number of colonies in the HT varieties was observed (P  less then  0.01), whereas a linear increase in Penicillium isolation was detected in the LT sorghums (P  less then  0.01). The storage time was beneficial in terms of decreasing the condensed tannins, increasing fractional rate of gas production and minimizing fungal contamination, particularly on HT grains. © 2020 Chinese Association of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co., Ltd.The objective was to evaluate the use of condensed tannin (CT)-rich ground pine bark (PB) in grain mixed diets on meat goat growth performance, blood metabolites, and carcass characteristics. Twenty four Kiko crossbred (Capra aegagrus hircus) growing male kids (BW = 36.9 ± 2.5 kg) at approximately 8 months of age were assigned randomly to 2 treatments with 3 replicates per treatment and 4 goats per replicate. The goats were fed grain mixed diets composed of either 30% bermudagrass hay (BGH) plus concentrate (control) or 30% PB plus concentrate. Diets were fed at 1.2% of BW. In addition, all goats grazed a crabgrass/bermudagrass (CB)-based pasture. The feeding trial lasted for 55 d. check details Using ground PB as a supplement did not negatively affect BW, average daily gain (ADG), carcass characteristics, meat pH, and meat color compared to the control diet. Plasma gamma-glutamyl transferase (P = 0.03), glucose (P  less then  0.01) and Ca concentrations (P = 0.04) were higher for PB than for BGH, respectively. The 30% PB supplementation does not negatively affect animal performance, blood metabolites, and carcass parameters. © 2020 Chinese Association of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co., Ltd.This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary lipid-to-carbohydrate ratio on growth and carbohydrate metabolism in juvenile cobia (Rachycentron canadum). Six isonitrogenous diets were prepared to vary in lipid-to-carbohydrate ratio (g/g) as follows D1, 2.26; D2, 1.31; D3, 0.78; D4, 0.47; D5, 0.34; and D6, 0.23. Cobias were fed to satiety for 8 weeks. The weight gain and protein efficiency ratio in D1 group were significantly lower than those in other groups (P  less then  0.05), accompanied by a lower level of feed conversion ratio (P  less then  0.05). Protein retention efficiency in D4 and D6 and whole body protein in D4 and D5 were significantly higher than those in D1 group (P  less then  0.05). Survival rate in D4 group was the highest among all groups and was significantly higher than that in D1, D2 and D5 (P  less then  0.05). In terms of serum triglyceride, D1 and D2 were significantly higher than D6 (P  less then  0.05). Hepatosomatic index in D3 and D4 was significantly lower than that in D1 (P  less then  0.