Hsuhammer2210

Obtained results demonstrate that the introduction of squeeze-and-excitation blocks, together with the restrictive patch sampling and symmetric modality augmentation, significantly improved the obtained results, achieving a mean DSC of 0.86±0.074, showing promising automated segmentation results.Since the development of deep learning methods, many researchers have focused on image quality improvement using convolutional neural networks. They proved its effectivity in noise reduction, single-image super-resolution, and segmentation. In this study, we apply stacked U-Net, a deep learning method, for X-ray computed tomography image reconstruction to generate high-quality images in a short time with a small number of projections. It is not easy to create highly accurate models because medical images have few training images due to patients' privacy issues. Thus, we utilize various images from the ImageNet, a widely known visual database. Results show that a cross-sectional image with a peak signal-to-noise ratio of 27.93 db and a structural similarity of 0.886 is recovered for a 512 × 512 image using 360-degree rotation, 512 detectors, and 64 projections, with a processing time of 0.11 s on the GPU. Therefore, the proposed method has a shorter reconstruction time and better image quality than the existing methods.A native veil-forming yeast and a commercial yeast strain were used to elaborate sparkling wines by the Champenoise method with a grape variety traditionally used for the production of still wines. Wines aged on lees for fifteen months were sampled at five points and their physicochemical and sensory indices were analysed. Unsupervised and supervised statistical techniques were used to establish a comparison between 81 volatile compounds and eight odour descriptors (chemical, fruity, floral, fatty, balsamic, vegetal, empyreumatic and spicy). Principal component analysis of both datasets showed good separation among the samples in relation to ageing time and yeast strain. By using a partial least squares regression-based criterion, 38 odour active compounds were selected as the most influential for the ageing factor and out of them, only 27 were unique to certain aroma descriptors. These results contribute to a better understanding of the aroma perception of sparkling wines.The characteristics of anammox granular sludge (AnGS) based on color differentiation, and the regulation mechanism of immobilized fillers in the system were investigated. The results showed that biomass content, EPS and activity of red AnGS (R1) were higher than those of brown AnGS (R2). Moreover, R1 showed nitrification, while R2 showed denitrification. Filamentous bacteria constituted the granule skeleton of R1, while R2 mainly constituted inorganic nucleation and granulation. Additionally, immobilization improved the contribution rate of Anammox, and involved different regulatory mechanisms. High-throughput sequencing analysis showed that R1 encapsulation biomass eliminated miscellaneous bacteria and established specific flora, while mixed encapsulated biomass of R1 and R2 re-formed a functional bacterial network, which strengthened interspecies cooperation. The R2 encapsulated biomass and AnAOB copy numbers were inferior and the interspecific cooperation was weak, resulting in an unsatisfactory nitrogen removal performance. These results can strengthen the understanding and optimization of AnGS and its immobilization system.The effects of temperature (35 °C and 55 °C) and pH (uncontrolled, 7 and 10) on volatile fatty acid (VFA) yields from anaerobic codigestion of food waste, and thermal-hydrolysed sewage sludge were investigated in this study. The results revealed that optimal conditions for VFA production occurred at 35 °C at pH 7 and at 10 and 55 °C at pH 7. The dominant bacterial genera associated with VFA production significantly differed when the temperature and pH were altered, including Prevotella, Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium Megasphaera, Clostridium XlVa, and Coprothermobacter. A temperature of 35 °C at pH 7 favoured mixed acid-type fermentation, while a temperature of 35 °C at pH 10 and 55 °C at pH 7 favoured butyric acid-type fermentation. The maximal polyhydroxyalkanoate content accounted for 54.8% of the dry cell at 35 °C with pH 7 fermentative liquids and comprised 58.9% 3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB) and 41.1% 3-hydroxyvalerate (3HV).Due to a limited number of available measurements on agricultural biogas plants, established process models, such as the Anaerobic Digestion Model No. Selleck Crenolanib 1 (ADM1), are rarely applied in practise. To provide a reliable basis for model-based monitoring and control, different model simplifications of the ADM1 were implemented for process simulation of semi-continuous anaerobic digestion experiments using agricultural substrates (maize silage, sugar beet silage, rye grain and cattle manure) and industrial residues (grain stillage). Individual model structures enable a close depiction of biogas production rates and characteristic intermediates (ammonium nitrogen, propionic and acetic acid) with equal accuracy as the original ADM1. The impact of different objective functions and standard parameter values on parameter estimates of first-order hydrolysis constants and microbial growth rates were evaluated. Due to the small number of required model parameters and suitable system characteristics, simplified model structures show clear advantages for practical application on agricultural biogas plants.The utilization of halophilic bioresources is limited due to a lack of isolation and characterization work. A halophilic bacterium strain SND-01 of Exiguobacterium mexicanum was isolated in this study, which is the first report on its novel function in heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification (HN-AD). The strain SND-01 is slightly halophilic, surviving at 0 up to 9% (w/v) salinity. When utilizing ammonium, nitrate or nitrite as the sole nitrogen source in aerobic conditions, the isolated strain showed the maximum nitrogen removal rate of 2.24 ± 0.14 mg/(L·h), 3.63 ± 0.21 mg/(L·h) and 2.30 ± 0.23 mg/(L·h), respectively. Functional genes and key enzymes involved in heterotrophic-aerobic nitrogen transformations were characterized, establishing the pathway of HN-AD. The nitrogen removal via HN-AD is dependent on the C/N ratio, salinity and temperature. The halophilic Exiguobacterium mexicanum strain SND-01 shows a significant potential in biotreatment of saline wastewater in an easy and cost-effective way.