Howellkarstensen1913

001) were increased within the OCF group, whereas only basilar invagination (1/4, P<.001) was increased in the OCF/VD group. Clivo-axial angle (CXA) was significantly lower for both OCF (128.8± 15.3°, P=.008) and OCF/VD (115.0± 11.6°, P=.025) groups when compared to PFD-only group (145.3± 12.7°). pB-C2 did not differ among groups.

Although PFD alone is adequate for treating the vast majority of CM-1/SM patients, OCF or OCF/VD may be occasionally utilized. Cranial base and spine pathologies and CXA may provide insight into the need for OCF and/or OCF/VD.

Although PFD alone is adequate for treating the vast majority of CM-1/SM patients, OCF or OCF/VD may be occasionally utilized. Cranial base and spine pathologies and CXA may provide insight into the need for OCF and/or OCF/VD.

Older adults are at high risk of medication-related hospitalizations. Frailty is a phenotype commonly observed in older people due to declining physiological functions.

To examine the association of frailty with medication-related hospitalization among community dwelling older men.

A prospective observational cohort study was conducted among community dwelling older men (mean age 75.6 years SD 5.9) from Western Australia (4324) who participated in the Health in Men Study. Participants were followed-up at 12 and 24 months to determine adverse drug event-related hospitalization, hospitalizations for other causes and mortality.

The prevalence of frailty was 13.2%. At baseline, frailty was associated with exposure to polypharmacy, potentially inappropriate medication use and potential adverse drug-drug interactions with unadjusted odds ratios; [4.13 (3.48-4.89) P < 0.001], [2.46 (1.91-3.17) P < 0.001], [3.85 (3.03-4.90) P < 0.001], respectively. In unadjusted models, frail men were more likely to have non-accidental falls [OR 3.16 (2.51-3.99) P < 0.001], acute kidney injury [OR 3.37 (2.35-4.82) P < 0.001], ADE-related hospitalizations at 12 months [OR 6.83 (4.91-9.51)] and non-ADE-related hospitalizations [OR 2.63 (2.01-3.45)], or to be dead at 12 months [OR 2.97 (1.79-4.92)] and at 24 months [OR 3.14 (2.28-4.33)] when compared with non-frail men. After adjusting for age, living alone, cognitive decline, smoking status and comorbidity, frailty remained associated with ADE-related hospitalization [OR 3.60 (2.41-5.37)], non-ADE-related hospitalizations [OR 1.74 (1.29-2.36)] and death [OR 1.67 (1.15-2.41)].

The study suggests that frailty is a predictor of medication-related harm with poorer clinical outcomes including mortality.

The study suggests that frailty is a predictor of medication-related harm with poorer clinical outcomes including mortality.

COVID-19 is uncommon and less severe in children than adults. It is thought that infants may be at higher risk for severe disease than older children. There is a paucity of literature on infants with COVID, particularly those with severe disease.

We describe demographic, epidemiologic, clinical, radiological, laboratory features and outcomes of infants with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection admitted to a tertiary care teaching hospital in Pune, India.

Infants who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 and were admitted between 1 April 2020 and 7 August 2020 were included in the study.

A total of 13 infants were admitted during the study period. The median age was 8 months (IQR 6) and nine were male. Common presenting features were fever (n = 8, 62%), poor feeding, irritability, and runny nose (n = 3, 23%). selleck chemicals llc Comorbidities noted were severe acute malnutrition (SAM) in three cases (23%) and nutritional megaloblastic anemia, iron deficiency anemia, sickle thalassemia and renal calculi in one case (8%) each. There was a history of low birth weight in two cases (15%). Pallor was noted in three cases (23%), SAM in three cases (23%) and tachypnea and respiratory distress in four cases (30%). Severe anemia, thrombocytopenia, elevated ferritin, abnormal procalcitonin, abnormal C Reactive Protein and deranged D-dimer was noted in three cases (23%) each. Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio was normal in all cases. Three infants (43%) had evidence of pneumonia on the chest radiograph, of which one had adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) like pattern, one infant had cardiomegaly and perihilar infiltrates. Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin were given to five patients (38%), Intravenous Immunoglobulinand methylprednisolone were administered to one patient (8%). One infant died of ARDS with multi-organ dysfunction with refractory shock and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis.

SAM and anemia may be associated with severe COVID in infants.

SAM and anemia may be associated with severe COVID in infants.

Afternoon naps benefit memory but this may depend on whether one is a habitual napper (HN; ≥ 1 nap/week) or non-habitual napper (NN). Here, we investigated whether a nap would benefit HN and NN differently, as well as whether HN would be more adversely affected by nap restriction compared to NN.

46 participants in the Nap condition (HN-Nap n=25, NN-Nap n=21) took a 90-min nap (1400-1530) on experimental days while 46 participants in the Wake condition (HN-Wake n=24, NN-Wake n=22) remained awake in the afternoon. Memory tasks were administered after the nap to assess short-term topographical memory and long-term memory in the form of picture encoding and factual knowledge learning respectively.

An afternoon nap boosted picture encoding and factual knowledge learning irrespective of whether one habitually napped (main effects of condition (Nap/Wake) ps<0.037). However, we found a significant interaction for the hippocampal-dependent topographical memory task (p=0.039) wherein a nap, relative to wake, benefitted habitual nappers (HN-Nap vs. HN-Wake p=0.003) compared to non-habitual nappers (NN-Nap vs. NN-Wake p=0.918). Notably for this task, habitual nappers' performance significantly declined if they were not allowed to nap (HN-Wake vs NN-Wake p=0.037).

Contrary to concerns that napping may be disadvantageous for non-habitual nappers, we found that an afternoon nap was beneficial for long-term memory tasks even if one did not habitually nap. Naps were especially beneficial for habitual nappers performing a short-term topographical memory task, as it restored the decline that would otherwise have been incurred without a nap.

Contrary to concerns that napping may be disadvantageous for non-habitual nappers, we found that an afternoon nap was beneficial for long-term memory tasks even if one did not habitually nap. Naps were especially beneficial for habitual nappers performing a short-term topographical memory task, as it restored the decline that would otherwise have been incurred without a nap.