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This study was carried out to evaluate the
antiplasmodial activity of alcoholic and hydroalcoholic extract of
stem bark as well as the determination of core structure fractionated from its crude extract.
The antiplasmodial activity of stem bark extracts was investigated by
schizont maturation inhibition assay against
(both chloroquine sensitive and resistant). The crude extract was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometry (GC-MS).
Both alcoholic and hydroalcoholic extracts showed their potential toward
antiplasmodial activity against
strains MRC-02 (CQ sensitive) and RKL-09 (CQ resistant). Alcoholic extract showed more promising antiplasmodial activity with Inhibitory concentration (IC
) of 0.130 and 1.191 for MRC-02 and RKL-09 strains, respectively, as compared to hydroalcoholic extract with IC
of 1.856 and 2.981 for MRC-02 and RKL-09 strains, respectively. No morphological changes in erythrocytes were observed when investigated for chemical injury to the erythrocytes. Chemical characterization of alcoholic extract was performed by GC-MS analysis to identify the bioactive compounds that are responsible for antiplasmodial activity. selleck chemical Alkyl esters, phenolics, and flavonoids were found as major compounds and also showed resemblance to existing antimalarial drugs.
The findings suggested that the investigated extracts will provide a foundation for combating the resistant strains of
. Also, the compounds isolated from
crude extract are viable newer chemical antimalarial candidates requiring further investigation.
The findings suggested that the investigated extracts will provide a foundation for combating the resistant strains of P. falciparum. Also, the compounds isolated from Z. nummularia crude extract are viable newer chemical antimalarial candidates requiring further investigation.
Water pipe smoking (WPS) is a major health threat leading to higher mortality, morbidity, and incidence of many diseases, such as inflammatory, respiratory and cardiovascular diseases; and cancers. This study aimed to determine the differences in the effects of WPS on the immune system, inflammatory markers, lipids, vitamin D, and thyroid hormones in female and male WP smokers, and compared to nonsmokers of both sexes. No other studies showed the differences between female and male WP smokers for the parameters investigated here, with the exception of the lipid profile.
The study was carried on 76 randomly chosen subjects (17 female and 17 male WP smokers, 21 female and 21 male nonsmokers) living in Saudi Arabia with an age range of 20-35 years. Blood samples were collected to determine the differential complete blood counts; lipid profiles; and C-reactive protein, triiodothyronine, thyroxine, and vitamin D concentrations.
Results showed no significant differences between female smokers and nonsmokers for all parameters. Male smokers had a significantly lower mean monocytes count and a significantly higher mean red blood cell count and hemoglobin concentration compared to male nonsmokers. Comparing females and males among smokers and nonsmokers separately, the only significant difference in the parameters that was not found in both comparisons was a significantly lower mean basophil count in female nonsmokers compared to male nonsmokers.
It may be concluded that the effects of WPS were limited to males with immune cells and hematology minimally affected, and that females and males were affected differently by WPS.
It may be concluded that the effects of WPS were limited to males with immune cells and hematology minimally affected, and that females and males were affected differently by WPS.
Drug adherence is a major factor in determining health outcomes of geriatric patients and is a growing concern for health-care systems as the geriatric population shows a steep rise due to improved health-care services in the UAE.
We aimed to evaluate the adherence and beliefs of geriatric patients in the UAE toward their medicines and to explore the factors affecting them.
A cross-sectional study was performed including 163 geriatric patients. Surveys, direct observations, and interviews were used for primary data collection. Demographic data were computed using descriptive statistics method. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) program, Version 19.0, SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA, was used to analyze and code the raw data, whereas chi-squared test was used to analyze the responses. Secondary data were also collected.
The results indicated that patient factors and medication factors are the main risk factors for medication nonadherence among geriatric patients in the UAE. The study foadherence.
The study findings confirm the need for further research to examine the perspectives of at-risk population with a focus on knowledge, beliefs, and attitudes on medication nonadherence.
This study aimed to improve our understanding regarding attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) awareness among dental care providers of Ajman University (AU), and also to identify factors that are highly associated with an increased awareness toward ADHD.
This is a cross-sectional survey study designed and carried out among convenience sample of dental care providers. The survey was carried out by using a self-administrated questionnaire. The questionnaire was composed into demographic, socioeconomic, and ADHD information.
The study shows low level of awareness toward ADHD. Moreover, participants who provided treatment for a patient with ADHD were found to show higher degree of awareness toward ADHD.
The existing results will be used in developing a well-planned program and clear polices to increase the level of awareness regarding ADHD.
The existing results will be used in developing a well-planned program and clear polices to increase the level of awareness regarding ADHD.
The implementation of antibiotic stewardship programs (ASPs) can improve the treatment of infections and can decrease the adverse events that result from antibiotics use. In the last decades, there is an increasing interest of the researchers in the implementation of ASPs.
The articles published in different journals were retrieved by searching many research databases such as Cochrane library, Europe PMC, PubMed, and Web of Science; we searched these databases for all published articles till November 2018.
The searching results using Cochrane library showed an increase in the number of randomized clinical trials that related to the keyword of "antimicrobial stewardship" specially in the last 5 years. Using Europe PMC, we found 6178 results. From these results, there are 3874 free full texts. In addition, there are 2132 original articles in PubMed and by searching Web of Science database till November 8 there are 3085 results. These results show that the number of trusted published articles was increased continuously; this shows the increasing interest of the researchers in ASPs.
