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This work focused on the separation of the active ingredients of maca (Lepidium meyenii Walpers) and evaluated the antioxidative capability of these components with effects on improving glucose and lipid metabolism in insulin-resistant HepG2 cells. DPPH free radical scavenging and reducing power assays were used to evaluate the antioxidant activity of maca extracts. An insulin-resistant HepG2 cell model induced by glucose, fructose, oleic acid, and palmitic acid was adopted to investigate the effects of maca extracts on regulating glucose and lipid metabolism in this study. mTOR inhibitor drugs LC-MS/MS was then used for determination of the maca n-butanol (NBT) subfraction. The results showed that maca ethanol extract and subfractions of this extract exhibited certain antioxidant capacity. Furthermore, the NBT subfraction reversed the disorders in glucose and lipid metabolism in insulin-resistant HepG2 cells and significantly increased the mRNA expression of phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K) and AKT in insulin-resistant HepG2 cells in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, the LC-MS/MS results showed that the NBT subfraction contained many active ingredients. Overall, this study suggests that the NBT subfraction of the ethanol extract rich in glucosinolates modulates insulin resistance via PI3K/AKT activation in insulin-resistant HepG2 cells and might exert potentially beneficial effects in improving or treating glucose and lipid metabolic disorders.The oil was extracted from sesame seed with two extraction methods. Traditional (Ardeh oil) and industrial method (cold pressing method virgin and refined sesame oil) oil extraction was studied to compare the quality and heavy metal content of extracted oils. The chemical properties (fatty acid composition, peroxide, anisidine, acid values, and TOTOX) and heavy metal contents were investigated. The Hazard Quotient (HQ) and Hazard Index (HI) of heavy metal intakes were calculated. The results demonstrated that the predominant fatty acid in oil samples was oleic, linoleic, palmitic, and stearic acids. It was indicated the peroxide, anisidine, acid values, and TOTOX of oil samples were as the order of Ardeh oil > virgin sesame oil > refined sesame oil. The reduction pattern of Pb > Zn >Cu > Cd >As was reported in sesame seed. Although the oil refining had been greatly reduced the Pb of oil sample, but it had yet been much higher than the permissible levels set by Codex Alimentarius. The HQ and HI of all heavy metals were less than one, but they were higher in Ardeh oil compared to others. It is necessary to monitor the presence of heavy metal contaminants and the quality of imported sesame seeds prior to oil preparation.The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of oral fish cartilage hydrolysate (FCH) on symptoms and joint tissue structure in rat developing osteoarthritis induced surgically. Osteoarthritis was induced in the right knee of mature male Lewis rats (n = 12/group) by surgical transection of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACLT) combined with partial medial meniscectomy (pMMx). Two weeks after surgery, rats were treated orally with either control (sterile H2O) or FCH for four weeks. Pain and function were assessed by dynamic weight-bearing test (incapacitance test), electronic Von Frey (EVF; hindpaw allodynia threshold), and pressure algometer (knee allodynia threshold). Time and groups differences at each time point were evaluated using a mixed model. The histological features were evaluated eight weeks after surgery using OARSI score. Mann-Whitney test nonparametric test was applied to compare OARSI score. ACTL/pMMx surgery significantly reduced weight-bearing and increased allodynia and sensitivity thresholds of the operated paw/knee. Globally, FCH improved these parameters faster, but no significant difference between control and FCH groups was observed. Eight weeks after surgery, rats developed moderate OA lesions. Compared with control, FCH did not significantly modify OA lesion severity assessed using the OARSI score. In this mechanically induced OA model, 4 weeks of supplementation with FCH had no significant effect on cartilage lesion, but tends to accelerate pain relief and joint function recovery. This positive trend may have opened the way for further investigation of FCH as potential treatment of joint discomfort associated with OA.As an essential flavor condiment in Sichuan cuisine, Pixian Douban (PXDB) is usually produced by open fermentation process in strip pools or ceramic vats. In this study, an experiment of PXDB fermentation was conducted for 90 days in a closed system of gradient steady-state temperature field (GSTF). To investigate the characterization of volatile compounds of PXDB in the closed system, the volatiles in three kinds of samples including samples of GSTF (SGT), samples of constant temperature (SCT), and samples of traditional fermentation (STF) were analyzed. The results showed that 75, 67, and 68 volatile compounds were detected in SGT, SCT, and STF, respectively. Compared with the traditional fermentation, the process in the closed system of GSTF was conducive to produce more kinds of esters and alcohols. A total of 22 major aroma active compounds were identified in three samples by combination analyses of gas chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O) and odor activity value (OAV). The appearance, smell, texture, and taste of the three different samples had shown different changes, but the sensory characteristics of the SGT were more similar to those of the STF by quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) and principal component analysis (PCA). This study indicated that the closed system of GSTF could be applied in PXDB fermentation to obtain higher quality products, which brought a bright prospect of replacing the traditional fermentation process to realize the controllable industrialized production of PXDB.Fritillaria cirrhosa D. Don is the major source plants of traditional Chinese medicine Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus (FCB). Domestication, introduction, and cultivation is an important strategy to alleviate the shortage of endangered medicinal plants of F. cirrhosa. However, until now, the yield and quality changes of FCB in different harvest periods and drying treatments after harvest were not well understood. Therefore, in this paper, we investigated the yield and quality of cultivated F. cirrhosa at different harvest periods and postharvest processing methods. The results showed that dry weight per bulb ranged from 0.8913 to 1.4681 g and reached the highest at the wilting stage. The soluble sugar content ranged from 0.075% to 0.127% and reached the highest at the wilting stage. The content of total alkaloids ranged from 0.088% to 0.218% and reached the highest at the late-flowering stage. The contents of peimisine, sipeimine, peimine, and peiminine were 0.01178%-0.02615%, 0%-0.01713%, 0%-0.00745%, and 0%-0.