Houstonfranks9409

The light intensity correlated positively with plaque activity and negatively with tumor pigmentation. Exposure times between 30 and 60 seconds were required to display the plaque position and delineate the tumor area. The long exposures made it difficult to maintain stable eye fixation and optimal image quality.

CLI is a novel method to assess and document ruthenium-106 plaque position in brachytherapy for uveal melanoma.

Ocular CLI may provide relevant radiation data during and after implantation of radioactive plaques, thus improving the accuracy of episcleral brachytherapy.

Ocular CLI may provide relevant radiation data during and after implantation of radioactive plaques, thus improving the accuracy of episcleral brachytherapy.

To describe the use of Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) to investigate the electrical surface potential of human meibum and to demonstrate successful use of this instrument on both human meibum and a meibum model system (six-lipid stock [6LS]) to elucidate nanoscale surface chemistry and self-assembly characteristics.

6LS and meibum were analyzed in this study. Mica-supported thin films were created using the Langmuir-Blodgett trough. DIRECT RED 80 mouse Topography and electrical surface potential were quantified using simultaneous atomic force microscopy/KPFM imaging.

Both lipid mixtures formed thin film patches on the surface of the mica substrate, with large aggregates resting atop. The 6LS had aggregate heights ranging from 41 to 153 nm. The range in surface potential was 33.0 to 125.9 mV. The meibum thin films at P = 5 mN/m had aggregates of 170 to 459 nm in height and surface potential ranging from 15.9 to 76.1 mV, while thin films at P = 10 mN/m showed an aggregate size range of 147 to 407 nm and a surface potential range of 11.5 to 255.1 mV.

This study showed imaging of the differences in electrical surface potential of meibum via KPFM and showed similarities in nanoscale topography. 6LS was also successfully analyzed, showing the capabilities of this method for use in both in vitro and ex vivo ocular research.

This study describes the use of KPFM for the study of ocular surface lipids for the first time and outlines possibilities for future studies to be carried out using this concept.

This study describes the use of KPFM for the study of ocular surface lipids for the first time and outlines possibilities for future studies to be carried out using this concept.

Heterophoria describes the deviation of the optical axes in the absence of binocular fusion. Eye trackers (ET) can provide an objective assessment but are not broadly used clinically. We examined the feasibility of combining an infrared (IR) pass-filter, IR detector, and an off-the-shelf ET. The proposed setup was validated against the broadly used cover test (CT). Furthermore, the setup was used to examine whether testing conditions can affect the measurements.

An IR detector was attached to a handheld IR-pass filter that blocks visible light to provide occlusion while passing IR light for eye tracking. The detector senses the IR illumination of the eye tracker, creating a recordable signal of the occluder position synchronized with eye positions acquired by the SMI Red250 tracker. The mean of three measurements of each condition, three versus ten seconds occlusion, the occluded eye, and ET versus CT results were compared using the Wilcoxon test, correlation and Bland and Altman plots. Differences betweeh an off-the-shelf commercial eye tracker. The synchronization of optical elements with eye tracking, which has been described here for heterophoria, can be adapted for other clinical measurements.

Uveal melanoma (UM) typically spreads to the liver, where it is incurable, as there are limited therapeutic interventions available. This study aimed to standardize laboratory methods for generating three-dimensional (3D) spheroids using UM cell lines and primary UM (PUM) samples for use in drug screening.

Six UM cell lines and nine PUM, of differing genetic characteristics were cultured in two dimensions (2D) and three dimensions. 3D spheroid formation and growth were time monitored, and ImageJ software was used to calculate cross-sectional areas. PUM spheroids underwent immunohistochemistry for melanoma markers, nuclear BAP1, and cell proliferation. Chromosomal alterations in patient UM biopsies were compared with the corresponding 3D spheroid. In vitro drug assays testing doxorubicin and selumetinib assessed drug penetration and toxicity after 48 hours using imaging and the CellTiter-Glo 3D Cell Viability Assay.

All six UM cell lines formed spheroids of varying sizes and compactness; six of the nine PUM samples (67%) also formed spheroids, composed of MelanA+ proliferating melanocytes and admixed macrophages. PUM spheroids were genetically identical to the original sampled tumor. In vitro drug assays showed varying penetrations into UM cell line spheroids, with doxorubicin passing into the spheroid core and selumetinib having an effect largely on peripheral cells. Both drugs caused a dose-dependent reduction in viability of 3D spheroid cells.

UM cell lines and PUM samples can successfully generate uniform 3D spheroids. PUM spheroids retain histological and genetic characteristics of the primary tumor. 3D spheroids are an important system for use in future high-throughput drug testing.

The use of 3D spheroids allows early-phase drug screening and is an important first step toward treatment personalization for UM patients.

The use of 3D spheroids allows early-phase drug screening and is an important first step toward treatment personalization for UM patients.

To investigate the effect of preserved corneal lamellar grafting on inflammation and wound healing and to compare its effect with that of preserved scleral grafting in a scleral defect rabbit model.

New Zealand White rabbits were assigned to a corneal lamellar grafting group (

= 5) or a scleral grafting group (

= 5). After lamellar dissection of superotemporal sclera using 6.0-mm trephine, the same sizes of preserved human corneal or scleral grafts were transplanted with 10-0 nylon interrupted sutures. The grafted areas were photodocumented at 3 to 21 days after surgery to evaluate epithelial wound healing index (%), neovascularization and presence of filaments. The existence of CD3

T cells and CD34

cells at the grafted areas was analyzed at 21 days.

Epithelial wound healing index was significantly higher in the corneal grafting group at 9 days (

< 0.05). Scleral grafts showed copious formation of filaments adherent to the engrafted area from 9 to 14 days, whereas the corneal grafts were free of filaments.