Houstoncollins2167

Lectin is a biomolecule that recognizes a specific part of glycans and, thus, has been used widely as a probe for glycoprotein analysis. Owing to the wide repertoire in nature combined with the recent two decades of advances in microarray technology, the multiplexed use of lectins has been widely used for glycan profiling of endogenous proteins. Because protein glycosylation is recognized as being biologically important and is expected to be a reliable disease marker, lectin microarray analysis with highly sensitive detection has been used to discover disease-relevant glycosylation alterations. However, the conventional system is limited to research purposes; thus, its implementation in clinical settings is warranted. Here, we provide an automatic glycan profiling method using GlycoBIST. A unique array format is used for 10-plexed lectin-glycoprotein interaction analysis on 1-mm-sized beads, which are arranged vertically in a capillary-shaped plastic tip. Using a one-boxed autopipetting machine, the whole process (including interaction, washing, and detection) is performed automatically and serially, resulting in reproducible measurements. In this article, a typical method for glycan profiling of a purified glycoprotein and the fabrication of GlycoBIST tips is explained. © 2020 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Basic Protocol 1 Fabrication of a GlycoBIST tip Basic Protocol 2 Automatic profiling of a target glycoprotein using GlycoBIST.OBJECTIVE Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is involved in the response to stress and in depression and anxiety. However, studies on ADH in anorexia nervosa (AN) show conflicting results. A major reason for this may be methodological challenges due to short half-life of ADH in circulation and rapid degradation in vitro. To overcome these obstacles, copeptin, the C-terminal fragment stemming from the ADH precursor, has been increasingly used as a stable clinical measure for ADH. Furthermore, copeptin has been recognized as a biomarker of insulin resistance in obesity. METHODS We measured fasting copeptin in plasma from 25 normohydrated, stable women with AN (BMI 13.0 ± 2.0) and 25 age-matched women. RESULTS No difference in copeptin levels was found (6.8 ± 1.8 vs. 5.5 ± 0.5 pmol/L). Confirmatory, copeptin concentrations were correlated to insulin resistance assessed by the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance. Kaempferide cell line DISCUSSION We report for the first time that copeptin level as a marker of ADH activity is not altered in fluid- and electrolyte-stabilized patients with severe AN patients, indicating that ADH may not be crucial in the pathophysiological involvement of psychologic stress in AN. © 2020 The Authors. Brain and Behavior published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.2-aminothiophene derivatives (2AT) in which the thiophene ring is fused with a cycloalkyl or a N-acylated piperidine ring by positions 5 and 6 and carrying a 3-carbethoxy group were synthesized and their bacterial growth and enzyme inhibitory effects against efflux proteins of Staphylococcus aureus leading to resistance to fluoroquinolones and erythromycin (ERY) were investigated. Compounds that most effectively decreases the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of ciprofloxacin (CIP) were assayed for their dose and time effects on the accumulation and efflux of ethidium bromide (EtBr) in the SA-1 strain. None of the compounds displayed antibacterial activity however, three derivatives carrying 2-amino, 2-aminoacetyl and 2-aminotrifluoroacetyl group enhanced the activity of CIP and ERY by 8- and 16-fold, respectively, and were able to restore the sensitivity of resistant strains, acting as typical efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs). The 2-aminoacetyl and 2-aminotrifluoroacetyl derivatives and two other piperidinyl 2-aminotrifluoroacetyl derivatives increased EtBr accumulation in a dose- and time-dependent manner, and one of them was also able to inhibit the EtBr efflux. Taken together, these results represent an important advance in the development of new EPIs, and demonstrate that 2AT represent a good scaffold for developing new antibiotic adjuvants. © 2020 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.Carbon is a simple, stable and popular element with many allotropes. The carbon family members include carbon dots, carbon nanotubes, carbon fibers, graphene, graphite, graphdiyne and hard carbon, etc. They can be divided into different dimensions, and their structures can be open and porous. Moreover, it is very interesting to dope them with other elements (metal or non-metal) or hybridize them with other materials to form composites. The elemental and structural characteristics offer us to explore their applications in energy, environment, bioscience, medicine, electronics and others. Among them, energy storage and conversion are extremely attractive, as advances in this area may improve our life quality and environment. Some energy devices will be included herein, such as lithium-ion batteries, lithium sulfur batteries, sodium-ion batteries, potassium-ion batteries, dual ion batteries, electrochemical capacitors, and others. Additionally, carbon-based electrocatalysts are also studied in hydrogen evolution reaction and carbon dioxide reduction reaction. However, there are still many challenges in the design and preparation of electrode and electrocatalytic materials. The research related to carbon materials for energy storage and conversion is extremely active, and this has motivated us to contribute with a roadmap on 'Carbon Materials in Energy Storage and Conversion'. © 2020 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.In the life system, the biointerface plays an important role in cell adsorption, platelet adsorption and activation. Therefore, the study of protein adsorption on the biointerface is of great significance for understanding life phenomena and treatment in vitro. In this paper, a chiral biointerface was constructed by the virtue of host-guest interaction between a water-soluble pillar[5]arene (WP5) and phenethylamine (PEA) over a gold surface for adsorption of lysozyme proteins. From the experimental results it was identified that the host-guest biointerface has a high adsorption capacity and strong chiral selectivity. Furthermotre, it was identified that the host-guest interaction plays the decisive role in the enhancement of chirality of the interface, which was much beneficial for increasing protein adsorption and amplifying the capacity of chiral discrimination. Therefore, this work provides a new idea for the construction of biointerface materials with high protein adsorption capacity and high chiral selectivity through supramolecular interaction, which will have potential applications in the fields of biosensors, biocatalysts, biomaterials. © 2020 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.AIMS Despite evidence-based therapeutic approaches, target blood pressure is obtained by less than half of patients with hypertension. Hypertension is associated with a significant risk for heart failure, in particular heart failure with preserved left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (HFpEF). Although treatment is suggested to be given early after hypertension diagnosis, there is still no evidence-based medical treatment for HFpEF. We aim to study the underlying mechanisms behind the transition from uncomplicated hypertension to hypertensive heart disease (HHD) and HFpEF. To this end, we will combine cardiac imaging techniques and measurements of circulating fibrosis markers to longitudinally monitor fibrosis development in patients with hypertension. METHODS AND RESULTS In a prospective cohort study, 250 patients with primary hypertension and 60 healthy controls will be characterized at inclusion and after 1 and 6 years. Doppler echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, and electrocardiogram will be used for measures of cardiac structure and function over time. Blood biomarkers reflecting myocardial fibrosis, inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction will be analysed. As a proxy for HFpEF development, the primary endpoint is to measure echocardiographic changes in LV function and structure (E/e' and LAVI) and to relate these measures of LV filling to blood pressure, biomarkers, electrocardiogram, and cardiac magnetic resonance. CONCLUSIONS We aim to study the timeline and transition from uncomplicated hypertension to HHD and HFpEF. In order to identify subjects prone to develop HHD and HFpEF, we want to find biomarkers and cardiac imaging variables to explain disease progression. Ultimately, we aim at finding new pathways to prevent HFpEF. © 2020 The Authors. ESC Heart Failure published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of European Society of Cardiology.BACKGROUND Bloom syndrome (BS) is a rare autosomal recessive chromosome instability disorder. The main clinical manifestations are growth deficiency, telangiectasic facial erythema, immunodeficiency, and increased risk to develop neoplasias at early age. Cytogenetic test for sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) is used as a diagnostic marker for BS. In addition, most patients also present mutations in the BLM gene, related to defects in the DNA repair mechanism. However, the molecular mechanism behind the pathogenicity of BS is still not completely understood. METHODS We describe two patients confirmed with BS by SCE and molecular analysis. Also, we performed the gene expression profile by the RNA-seq methodology in mRNA transcripts for differential gene expression analysis using as a biological condition for comparison BS versus health controls. RESULTS We detected 216 differentially expressed genes related to immunological pathways such as positive regulation and activation of B cells, immune effector process and absence of difference of DNA repair genes expression. In addition; we also observed differentially expressed genes associated with apoptosis control, such as BCL2L1, CASP7, CDKN1A, E2F2, ITPR, CD274, TNFAIP6, TNFRSF25, TNFRSF13C, and TNFRSF17. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the combination of altered expression of genes involved in signaling pathways of immune response and apoptosis control may contribute directly to the main characteristics observed in BS, such as recurrent infections, growth failure, and high risk of cancer. Transcriptome studies of other instability syndromes could allow a more accurate analysis of the relevant gene interactions associated with the destabilization of the genome. This is a first description of the profile of differential gene expression related to immunological aspects detected in patients with BS by RNA-seq. © 2020 The Authors. Molecular Genetics & Genomic Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have emerged as a promising cell therapy in regenerative medicine and for autoimmune/inflammatory diseases. However, a main hurdle for MSCs-based therapies is the loss of their proliferative potential in vitro. Here we report that glycoprotein A repetitions predominant (GARP) is required for the proliferation and survival of adipose-derived MSCs (ASCs) via its regulation of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) activation. Silencing of GARP in human ASCs increased their activation of TGF-β which augmented the levels of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS), resulting in DNA damage, a block in proliferation and apoptosis. Inhibition of TGF-β signaling reduced the levels of mtROS and DNA damage and restored the ability of GARP-/low ASCs to proliferate. In contrast, overexpression of GARP in ASCs increased their proliferative capacity and rendered them more resistant to etoposide-induced DNA damage and apoptosis, in a TGF-β-dependent manner. In summary, our data show that the presence or absence of GARP on ASCs gives rise to distinct TGF-β responses with diametrically opposing effects on ASC proliferation and survival.