Houmannborregaard2045

the vertical transmission of maternal antibodies until they are able to build up their own adaptive immunity.

A decline in the number of patients presenting with myocardial infarction was reported from the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic onward. It is thought that measures introduced to stem the pandemic, such as the lockdown, contributed to this development. There are, however, conflicting data with respect to hospital referrals, delay times, and mortality.

Our systematic literature review and meta-analysis included studies reporting the number of hospital referrals of patients with ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and/or non-ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) during lockdown episodes. We also collected data on delays caused by patient and system delay times, as well as on mortality.

Data from 27 studies on a total of 81 163 patients were included in our meta-analysis. We found that the number of hospital admissions with myocardial infarction was significantly lower during the lockdown than before the pandemic (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 0.516, 95% CI [0.403; 0.660], I2 nued to be delivered despite the lockdown.

Prescription and nonprescription opioid misuse and the rising number of dental visits in emergency departments (EDs) are growing public health concerns in the US. Our study objective was to examine the relationship between prescription analgesics (opioids and nonopioids) and the type of ED visits (dental and nondental) at the national level.

We used data from the 2015-2017 National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey to examine the association between opioid, nonopioid, and combination of opioid and nonopioid analgesic prescriptions and dental and nondental visits in the ED. Covariates included socioeconomic variables, time of visit, provider type, triage level, hospital location (urban vs rural), and pain level. We conducted descriptive, bivariate, and multivariable analyses using weighted estimates.

The final study sample included 57,098 ED visits from approximately 6 million dental and 414 million nondental visits to EDs during 2015-2017 nationally. Among dental visits, 20.8% received nonopioid aiptions in the ED, especially for dental visits.

The number of adults entering the age groups at greatest risk for being diagnosed with cancer is increasing. Projecting cancer incidence can help the cancer control community plan and evaluate prevention strategies aimed at reducing the growing number of cancer cases.

We used data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program and the US Census Bureau to estimate average, annual, age-standardized cancer incidence rates and case counts (for all sites combined and top 22 invasive cancers) in the US for 2015 and to project cancer rates and counts to 2050. We used age, period, and cohort models to inform projections.

Between 2015 and 2050, we predict the overall age-standardized incidence rate (proxy for population risk for being diagnosed with cancer) to stabilize in women (1%) and decrease in men (-9%). Cancers with the largest change in risk include a 34% reduction for lung and bronchus and a 32% increase for corpus uterine (32%). Because of the growth and aging of the US population, we predict that the annual number of cancer cases will increase 49%, from 1,534,500 in 2015 to 2,286,300 in 2050, with the largest percentage increase among adults aged ≥75 years. Cancers with the largest projected absolute increase include female breast, colon and rectum, and prostate.

By 2050, we predict the total number of incident cases to increase by almost 50% as a result of the growth and aging of the US population. A greater emphasis on cancer risk reduction is needed to counter these trends.

By 2050, we predict the total number of incident cases to increase by almost 50% as a result of the growth and aging of the US population. A greater emphasis on cancer risk reduction is needed to counter these trends.IntroductionThe contribution of healthcare-associated infections (HAI) to mortality can be estimated using statistical methods, but mortality review (MR) is better suited for routine use in clinical settings. Etomoxir price The European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control recently introduced MR into its HAI surveillance.AimWe evaluate validity and reproducibility of three MR measures.MethodsThe on-site investigator, usually an infection prevention and control doctor, and the clinician in charge of the patient independently reviewed records of deceased patients with bloodstream infection (BSI), pneumonia, Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) or surgical site infection (SSI), and assessed the contribution to death using 3CAT definitely/possibly/no contribution to death; WHOCAT sole cause/part of causal sequence but not sufficient on its own/contributory cause but unrelated to condition causing death/no contribution, based on the World Health Organization's death certificate; QUANT Likert scale 0 (no contribution) to 10 (definitely cause of death). Inter-rater reliability was assessed with weighted kappa (wk) and intra-cluster correlation coefficient (ICC). Reviewers rated the fit of the measures.ResultsFrom 2017 to 2018, 24 hospitals (11 countries) recorded 291 cases 87 BSI, 113 pneumonia , 71 CDI and 20 SSI. The inter-rater reliability was 3CAT wk 0.68 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.61-0.75); WHOCAT wk 0.65 (95% CI 0.58-0.73); QUANT ICC 0.76 (95% CI 0.71-0.81). Inter-rater reliability ranged from 0.72 for pneumonia to 0.52 for CDI. All three measures fitted 'reasonably' or 'well' in > 88%.ConclusionFeasibility, validity and reproducibility of these MR measures was acceptable for use in HAI surveillance.To assess SARS-CoV-2 variants spread, we analysed 36,590 variant-specific reverse-transcription-PCR tests performed on samples from 12 April-7 May 2021 in France. In this period, contrarily to January-March 2021, variants of concern (VOC) β (B.1.351 lineage) and/or γ (P.1 lineage) had a significant transmission advantage over VOC α (B.1.1.7 lineage) in Île-de-France (15.8%; 95% confidence interval (CI) 15.5-16.2) and Hauts-de-France (17.3%; 95% CI 15.9-18.7) regions. This is consistent with VOC β's immune evasion abilities and high proportions of prior-SARS-CoV-2-infected persons in these regions.