Houghtonlancaster5546

Peach (Prunus persica L. Batsch) is one of the most important fruit crops in China (Wang et al. 2011). Yangshan Town of Jiangsu Province is one of the four major peach producing areas in China, with a growing area of 2,000 ha (Tian et al. 2018). During June 2020, a postharvest disease presenting with brown necrosis and rot occurred on peaches in Yangshan Town. The estimated damage was more than 10% of the total harvest. The symptoms included soft rot, and the lesion appeared sunken, accompanied with sour odor and white mycelia. Twelve peaches with representative symptom were sampled for pathogen isolation. Pieces (about 5 mm × 5 mm) from the lesion edge of symptomatic fruits were dissected and surface disinfected (3% NaClO for 10 s and 75% ethanol for 30 s), then rinsed three times with distilled water, dried on sterile filter paper and transferred to Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) media plates supplemented with 150 ng/mL streptomycin sulfate. The plates were incubated at 28 ℃ for 3 days. Forty-eight isolations wHalfeld-Vieira et al. 2020). To our knowledge, this is the first report of G. candidum causing sour rot of peach in China, which may cause a great loss to peach industry of China.Panicle Hydrangea (Hydrangea paniculate) is an ornamental flowering plant native to China and Japan. In August 2019, leaf spot symptoms with about 30% disease incidence were observed on panicle hydrangea in two grower fields (about 0.1 ha in total) of Northeast Agriculture University, China (126.72°E, 45.74°N). Symptoms initially appeared on the lower and older leaves and showed small subcircular brown spots with dark-brown edges on both sides. As the disease progressed, the necrotic spots enlarged, became irregular, coalesced, and the infected leaf blighted in approximately 2 weeks. Panicle hydrangea leaf samples (n=15) from different plants that showed spot symptoms were collected and surface sterilized with 70% ethanol for 10 s, followed by 0.5% NaClO treatment for 4 min, and rinsed in sterile water 3 times. Thereafter, leaf samples were placed on potato dextrose agar (PDA) and incubated at 25°C for 7 days. GW4064 Fifteen hyphal-tipped pure cultures were obtained. Colonies growing on PDA for 7 days were olive grean et al. 2019) and castor (Liu et al. 2019). To our knowledge, this is the first report of leaf spot disease in panicle hydrangea caused by C. tenuissimum in China. Leaf spot has a negative effect on the aesthetic value of panicle hydrangea, and this report will assist with monitoring distribution of the disease as well as developing management recommendations.Natamycin is a new postharvest biofungicide for citrus and some other fruit crops in the United States that can be effectively used in recycling drench or flooder treatments. These types of applications necessitate sanitation of the fungicide solution to ensure that it remains free from contamination by bacteria that potentially are human pathogens. In in vitro experiments, heated (48°C) citric acid (1,100 μg/ml or 2,200 μg/ml) amended with sodium dodecylbenzensulfonate (SDBS; 55 μg/ml or 110 μg/ml, respectively) significantly reduced viability of E. coli in natamycin solutions by >5 log10 as compared to the control. In laboratory studies with Penicillium digitatum-inoculated lemon fruit, 1,000 μg/ml natamycin mixed with lactic or citric acids (1,000 μg/ml each) and with or without SDBS (55 μg/ml) was effective in significantly reducing green mold. Natamycin mixed with lactic acid at 2000 μg/ml or higher, however, caused fruit injury resulting in browning and pitting of the rind. Natamycin was incompatible wiin in citrus packinghouses utilizing heated recirculating fungicide systems.Huanglongbing (HLB), caused by Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus, is currently the most destructive disease of citrus and threatens production in all affected areas. There is no cure. Benign Xylella fastidiosa strain EB92-1 provided good control of Pierce's disease of grapevine by inducing host resistance; therefore, we evaluated the strain for the biological control of HLB in citrus. Treatment was by injection into the trunk of the trees. Strain EB92-1 was shown to colonize citrus and provided control of HLB by reducing both the incidence of symptomatic trees and the percentage of trees with severe symptoms in three separate trials. All trees were positive by qPCR for Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus at the start of the trials and treatment did not eliminate the bacterium. In a trial of asymptomatic mature trees, a single treatment with EB92-1 reduced the incidence of trees with symptoms through 18 months after treatment and reduced the incidence of trees with severe symptoms through 3 years. In mature treeature trees and newly planted young trees, but trees may need to be re-treated yearly for at least the first 2-3 years.There has been little discussion of the way genomic research results should be returned and how to obtain informed consent for this. We systematically searched the empirical literature, identifying 63 articles exploring stakeholder perspectives on processes for obtaining informed consent about return of results and/or result delivery. Participants, patients and members of the public generally felt they should choose which results are returned to them and how, ranging from direct (face-to-face, telephone) to indirect (letters, emails, web-based delivery) communication. Professionals identified inadequacies in result delivery processes in the research context. Our findings have important implications for ensuring participants are supported in deciding which results they wish to receive or, if no choice is offered, preparing them for potential research outcomes.Purpose The aim of this study was to provide clinicians with an overview of literature relating to dysphagia in spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) to guide assessment and treatment. Method In this clinical focus article, we review literature published in Scopus and PubMed between 1990 and 2020 pertaining to dysphagia in SMA across the life span. Original research articles that were published in English were included. Searches were conducted within four themes of inquiry (a) etiology and phenotypes, (b) respiratory systemic deficits and management, (c) characteristics of natural history dysphagia and its treatment, and (d) dysphagia outcomes with disease-modifying therapies. Articles for the first two themes were selected by content experts who identified the most salient articles that would provide clinicians foundational background knowledge about SMA. Articles for the third theme were identified using search terms, including spinal muscular atrophy, swallow, dysphagia, bulbar, nutrition, g-tube, alternative nutrition, jaw, mouth, palate, OR mandible. Search terms for the fourth theme included spinal muscular atrophy AND nusinersen OR AVXS-101/onasemnogene abeparvovec-xioi. Review of Pertinent Literature Twenty-nine articles were identified. Findings across identified articles support the fact that patients with SMA who do not receive disease-modifying therapy exhibit clinically significant deficits in oropharyngeal swallow function. Few investigations provided systematic information regarding the underlying physiological deficits responsible for this loss in function, the timing of the degradation, or how disease-modifying therapies change these outcomes. Conclusion Future research outlining the physiological and functional oropharyngeal swallowing deficits among patients with SMA who receive disease-modifying therapy is critical in developing standards of dysphagia care to guide clinicians.Resolution of the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) from pneumonia requires repair of the injured lung endothelium and alveolar epithelium, removal of neutrophils from the distal airspaces of the lung, and clearance of the pathogen. Previous studies have demonstrated the importance of specialized proresolving mediators (SPMs) in the regulation of host responses during inflammation. Although ARDS is commonly caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, the role of lipoxin A4 (LXA4) and resolvin D1 (RvD1) in pneumococcal pneumonia is not well understood. In the present experimental study, we tested the hypothesis that endogenous SPMs play a role in the resolution of lung injury in a clinically relevant model of bacterial pneumonia. Blockade of formyl peptide receptor 2 (ALX/FPR2), the receptor for LXA4 and RvD1, with the peptide WRW4 resulted in more pulmonary edema, greater protein accumulation in the air spaces, and increased bacteria accumulation in the air spaces and the blood. Inhibition of this receptor was also associated with decreased levels of proinflammatory cytokines. Even in the presence of antibiotic treatment, WRW4 inhibited the resolution of lung injury. In summary, these experiments demonstrated two novel findings LXA4 and RvD1 contribute to the resolution of lung injury due to pneumococcal pneumonia, and the mechanism of their benefit likely includes augmenting bacterial clearance and reducing pulmonary edema via the restoration of lung alveolar-capillary barrier permeability.

The classification of the International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group (IGCCCG) plays a pivotal role in the management of metastatic germ cell tumors but relies on data of patients treated between 1975 and 1990.

Data on 9,728 men with metastatic nonseminomatous germ cell tumors treated with cisplatin- and etoposide-based first-line chemotherapy between 1990 and 2013 were collected from 30 institutions or collaborative groups in Europe, North America, and Australia. Clinical trial and registry data were included. Primary end points were progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). The survival estimates were updated for the current era. Additionally, a novel prognostic model for PFS was developed in 3,543 patients with complete information on potentially relevant variables. The results were validated in an independent data set.

Compared with the original IGCCCG publication, 5-year PFS remained similar in patients with good prognosis with 89% (87%-91%) versus 90% (95% CI, 89 to 91), buatic nonseminomatous germ cell tumors. Increasing age and lung metastases add granularity to the original IGCCCG classification as adverse prognostic factors.Purpose Children with speech sound disorders feature prominently on the caseloads of speech-language pathologists working in schools, with many receiving services once or twice weekly for 20-30 min. This study compared the outcomes of services provided twice weekly for 30 min to those provided 4 times weekly for 15 min to examine their effectiveness in remediating speech sound disorders in an elementary school setting. Method A total of 35 students were recruited from an existing public school caseload for participation. Participants were randomly assigned to receive school-based speech therapy services for either 30 min twice weekly or 15 min 4 times weekly. There were no differences between groups in age, gender, or the amount of time spent in general education. Growth was measured by the percentage of Individualized Education Program goals mastered and the percentage of sounds produced correctly in isolation. Results After one calendar year, there was a negligible difference between groups on both the percentage of Individualized Education Program goals mastered and the percentage of sounds produced correctly in isolation.