Horowitzrosenthal5190

However, additional data are needed to test the stability of the PSCD. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Studies use different instruments to measure cognitirating cognitive tests permit direct comparisons of individuals across studies and pooling data for joint analyses.

We began our legacy item bank with data from the Adult Changes in Thought study (

= 5,546), the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (

= 3,016), the Rush Memory and Aging Project (

= 2,163), and the Religious on such as the Mini-Mental State Examination, the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale, the Wechsler Memory Scale, and the Boston Naming Test. CocalibOrders Study (

= 1,456). Our workflow begins with categorizing items administered in each study as indicators of memory, executive functioning, language, visuospatial functioning, or none of these domains. We use confirmatory factor analysis models with data from the most recent visit on the pooled sample across these four studies for cocalibration and derive item parameters for all items. Using these item parameters, we then estimate factor scores along n of cognition in the context of aging and dementia. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

We have implemented a large-scale effort to harmonize and cocalibrate cognitive domain scores across multiple studies of cognitive aging. Scores on the same metric facilitate meta-analyses of cognitive outcomes across studies or the joint analysis of individual data across studies. Our systematic approach allows for cocalibration of additional studies as they become available and our growing item bank enables robust investigation of cognition in the context of aging and dementia. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Debate continues regarding the use of self- versus informant-report to diagnose mild cognitive impairment (MCI) with studies reporting patients both overestimating and underestimating their abilities relative to informants. We assessed concordance of self- versus informant-report of cognitive decline with objective cognitive and functional performance in the participants of the preventing Alzheimer's dementia with cognitive remediation plus transcranial direct current stimulation in mild cognitive impairment and depression randomized controlled trial (PACt-MD).

Three hundred six participants with MCI, and their informants, reported on cognitive decline; the participants also completed a comprehensive assessment of objective cognitive and functional performance. Based on the discrepancy between self- versus informant-report of cognitive decline, we grouped participants into categories of underestimators, congruent estimators, and overestimators.

Informant- but not self-reported cognitive decline significand cognitive performance in patients with MCI. Our findings highlight clinical and research value in the assessment and consideration of degree of discrepancy between self- and informant-reports of cognitive decline in MCI. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

The present study investigated cognitive mechanisms underlying the ability to stop "autocorrect" errors elicited by unexpected words in a read-aloud task, and the utility of autocorrection for predicting Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers.

Cognitively normal participants (total

= 85;

= 64 with cerebrospinal fluid [CSF] biomarkers) read aloud six short paragraphs in which 10 critical target words were replaced with autocorrect targets, for example,

. Autocorrect targets either replaced the most expected/

completion (i.e.,

) or a less expected/

completion (i.e.,

), and within each paragraph half of the autocorrect targets were content words (e.g.,

) and half were function words (e.g.,

). Participants were instructed to avoid autocorrecting.

Participants produced more autocorrect errors in paragraphs with dominant than with nondominant targets, and with function than with content targets. Cognitively normal participants with high CSF Tau/Aβ42 (i.e., an AD-like biomarker profile) produc implicates monitoring and attention (rather than semantic processing) in the earliest of cognitive changes associated with AD risk. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

The present study aims to explore the relative effectiveness of two group-based cognitive rehabilitation programs for reducing fatigue in pediatric acquired brain injury (pABI).

This is an exploratory study of secondary endpoints in a blinded, parallel-randomized controlled trial with children and adolescents (ages 10-17 years) with pABI and reported executive dysfunction. It investigates the effectiveness of a metacognitive program (pediatric goal management training,

= 36) compared to a psychoeducational program (pediatric brain health workshop,

= 37) for reducing fatigue (Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory, Multidimensional Fatigue Scale), 8 weeks and 6 months postintervention.

Seventy-three participants completed the allocated interventions, and 71 attended the 6-month follow-up. The results showed a significant decrease in parent-reported fatigue for both interventions from baseline to the 6-month follow-up. Forty percent of the total sample had a reliable change. There was no significant diue improvement. Developmental factors are important to consider when tailoring pediatric interventions, as well as modifiable factors associated with fatigue. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).On May 14, 2022, a gunman walked into a supermarket in Buffalo, NY, and opened fire on the customers, killing 10 and injuring three. The alleged killer published a document explaining he chose a supermarket in a predominantly Black neighborhood to maximize the likelihood of killing Black people. He believed in the "Great Replacement" theory that Jews were conspiring to commit "White Genocide" by having inferior races outbreed the superior White race. The 180-page "Manifesto" relied on a mix of Internet memes, plagiarized arguments from a similar killing in New Zealand, links to White nationalist and antisemitic websites, and citations to scientific publications. Overwhelmingly, the scientific publications cited in the document were from psychology. In this brief article, the author contends that psychologists need to ask themselves why an alleged deranged killer took his inspiration from psychology and not, for example, human genetics. The answer is that geneticists have recognized the responsibility that comes along with inquiry. While researchers are free to pursue any questions they desire, scientific and editorial standards still need to be met for disciplinary integrity. selleck chemical The heart of academic freedom is the ability and responsibility to distinguish responsible scholarship from its pretender. Psychology must do better. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).Cheiron's Book Prize Committee is pleased to announce that the recipient of the 2022 Prize is Nadine Weidman, Lecturer on the History of Science at Harvard University, for her book Killer Instinct The Popular Science of Human Nature in Twentieth-Century America. In other news from the Society for the History of Psychology, Marjorie Lorch has recently published an article on how the concept of a matched control group was initially developed in neuropsychological testing. Lorch, M. P. (2022). Defining 'normal' Methodological issues in Aphasia and intelligence research. Cortex, 153, 224-234. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).Understanding the longitudinal dynamics of behavior, their stability and change over time, are of great interest in the social and behavioral sciences. Researchers investigate the degree to which an observed measure reflects stable components of the construct, situational fluctuations, method effects, or just random measurement error. An important question in such models is whether autoregressive effects occur between the residuals, as in the trait-state occasion model (TSO model), or between the state variables, as in the latent state-trait model with autoregression (LST-AR model). In this article, we compare the two approaches by applying revised latent state-trait theory (LST-R theory). Similarly to Eid et al. (2017) regarding the TSO model, we show how to formulate the LST-AR model using definitions from LST-R theory, and we discuss the practical implications. We demonstrate that the two models are equivalent when the trait loadings are allowed to vary over time. This is also true for bivariate model versions. The different but same approaches to modeling latent states and traits with autoregressive effects are illustrated with a longitudinal study of cancer-related fatigue in Hodgkin lymphoma patients. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).Next Eigenvalue Sufficiency Test (NEST; Achim, 2017) is a recently proposed method to determine the number of factors in exploratory factor analysis (EFA). NEST sequentially tests the null-hypothesis that k factors are sufficient to model correlations among observed variables. Another recent approach to detect factors is exploratory graph analysis (EGA; Golino & Epskamp, 2017), which rules the number of factors equal to the number of nonoverlapping communities in a graphical network model of observed correlations. We applied NEST and EGA to data sets under simulated factor models with known numbers of factors and scored their accuracy in retrieving this number. Specifically, we aimed to investigate the effects of cross-loadings on the performance of NEST and EGA. In the first study, we show that NEST and EGA performed less accurately in the presence of cross-loadings on two factors compared with factor models without cross-loadings We observed that EGA was more sensitive to cross-loadings than NEST. In the second study, we compared NEST and EGA under simulated circumplex models in which variables showed cross-loadings on two factors. Study 2 magnified the differences between NEST and EGA in that NEST was generally able to detect factors in circumplex models while EGA preferred solutions that did not match the factors in circumplex models. In total, our studies indicate that the assumed correspondence between factors and nonoverlapping communities does not hold in the presence of substantial cross-loadings. We conclude that NEST is more in line with the concept of factors in factor models than EGA. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).In recent years, psychological research has faced a credibility crisis, and open data are often regarded as an important step toward a more reproducible psychological science. However, privacy concerns are among the main reasons that prevent data sharing. Synthetic data procedures, which are based on the multiple imputation (MI) approach to missing data, can be used to replace sensitive data with simulated values, which can be analyzed in place of the original data. One crucial requirement of this approach is that the synthesis model is correctly specified. In this article, we investigated the statistical properties of synthetic data with a particular emphasis on the reproducibility of statistical results. To this end, we compared conventional approaches to synthetic data based on MI with a data-augmented approach (DA-MI) that attempts to combine the advantages of masking methods and synthetic data, thus making the procedure more robust to misspecification. In multiple simulation studies, we found that the good properties of the MI approach strongly depend on the correct specification of the synthesis model, whereas the DA-MI approach can provide useful results even under various types of misspecification.