Hopkinssteele1358

Green chemistry-based non-isocyanate polyurethanes (NIPU) are synthesized and 3D-printed via rapid, projection photopolymerization into compliant mechanisms of 3D structure with spatially-localized material properties. Trimethylolpropane allyl ether-cyclic carbonate is used to couple the unique properties of two types of reaction chemistry (1) primary diamine-cyclic carbonate ring-opening conjugation for supplanting conventional isocyanate-polyol reactions in creating urethane groups, with the additional advantage of enabling modular segment interchangeability within the diurethane prepolymers; and (2) thiol-ene (click) conjugation for non-telechelic, low monodispersity, quasi-crystalline-capable, and alternating step-growth co-photopolymerization. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy is used to monitor the functional group transformation in reactions, and to confirm these process-associated molecular products. The extent of how these processes utilize molecular tunability to affect material properties were investigated through measurement-based comparison of the various polymer compositions frequency-related dynamic mechanical analysis, tension-related elastic-deformation mechanical analysis, and material swelling analysis. Stained murine myoblasts cultured on NIPU slabs were evaluated via fluorescent microscopy for "green-chemistry" affects on cytocompatibility and cell adhesion to assess potential biofouling resistance. 3D multi-material structures with micro-features were printed, thus demonstrating the capability to spatially pattern different NIPU materials in a controlled manner and build compliant mechanisms.

Malunited proximal radius fractures causing dislocation of the radio-capitellar joint are rare. We present a case of a two-year-old female patient with such an injury who was treated with a proximal radius osteotomy with good long-term outcomes.

Case study of a single patient with a malunited proximal radius fracture which was identified as causing radio-capitellar dislocation who underwent corrective osteotomy with a good result.

Our opinion is that a corrective osteotomy for a malunited proximal radius fracture causing radio-capitellar dislocation is a sound treatment option and that no supplementary soft tissue reconstruction such as annular ligament exploration/reconstruction is necessary.

Our opinion is that a corrective osteotomy for a malunited proximal radius fracture causing radio-capitellar dislocation is a sound treatment option and that no supplementary soft tissue reconstruction such as annular ligament exploration/reconstruction is necessary.

Total elbow arthroplasty (TEA) is the established treatment for end-stage rheumatoid arthritis but improved surgical techniques have resulted in expanded indications. The aim of this study is to review the literature to evaluate the evolution of surgical indications for TEA.

A systematic review of PubMed and EMBASE databases was conducted. Case series and comparative studies reporting results after three types of primary TEA were eligible for inclusion.

Forty-nine eligible studies were identified (

 = 1995). The number of TEA cases published annually increased from 6 cases in 1980 to 135 cases in 2008. The commonest indication for TEA throughout the review period was rheumatoid arthritis but its annual proportion reduced from 77% to 50%. The mean Mayo Elbow Performance Score significantly improved for all indications. Three comparative studies reported statistically improved functional outcomes in rheumatoid arthritis over the trauma sequelae group. Complication and revision rates varied; rheumatoid arthritis 5.2-30.9% and 11-13%, acute fracture 0-50% and 10-11%, trauma sequelae 14.2-50% and 0-30%, osteoarthritis 50% and 11%, respectively.

TEA can provide functional improvements in inflammatory arthritis, acute fractures, trauma sequelae and miscellaneous indications. selleck chemicals Long-term TEA survivorship appears satisfactory in rheumatoid arthritis and fracture cases; however, further research into alternative surgical indications is still required.

TEA can provide functional improvements in inflammatory arthritis, acute fractures, trauma sequelae and miscellaneous indications. Long-term TEA survivorship appears satisfactory in rheumatoid arthritis and fracture cases; however, further research into alternative surgical indications is still required.We report a rare case of atypical Mycobacterium intracellulare infection encountered in a left sternoclavicular joint of an immunocompetent patient. The 34-year-old female patient presented with a one-year history of left sternoclavicular joint pain and swelling. The patient had multiple radiological investigations, which were suspicious for an infective cause. The patient had a biopsy of the joint, which returned showing acid-fast bacilli. The patient consequently received a prolonged course of medical treatment for M. intracellulare.The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has changed the way we work, and health care services have to adapt. The use of personal protective equipment (PPE) and the delay of non-urgent procedures were the immediate measures adopted by Gastrointestinal (GI) Endoscopy Units at the time of crisis. As the peak has now passed in most countries, GI facilities are facing the next challenge of this pandemic service providers must adapt their routine work to a 'new normal'. Routine casework must resume, and waiting lists must be addressed all in the awareness of the ongoing potential risks of COVID-19, and the threat of a second wave. In this review, we discuss strategies to manage the workload by improving procedure appropriateness and prioritization, whilst maintaining a 'COVID-free' environment. This includes monitoring of an adequate stock of PPE and the implications for the staff's workload, and the GI trainees' need of training.

Functional sugar alcohols have been widely used in the food, medicine, and pharmaceutical industries for their unique properties. Among these, erythritol is a zero calories sweetener produced by the yeast

. However, in wild-type strains, erythritol is produced with low productivity and yield and only under high osmotic pressure together with other undesired polyols, such as mannitol or d-arabitol. The yeast is also able to catabolize erythritol in non-stressing conditions.

Herein,

has been metabolically engineered to increase erythritol production titer, yield, and productivity from glucose. This consisted of the disruption of anabolic pathways for mannitol and d-arabitol together with the erythritol catabolic pathway. Genes

and

encoding, respectively, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase were also constitutively expressed in regenerating the NADPH

consumed during erythritol synthesis. Finally, the gene

gene from

encoding ubiquitin ligase was overexpressed to improve cell thermoresistance.