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A very complex relationship exists between Hcy and B vitamins, and several factors appear to modify the preventive effects of B vitamins in stroke. This review highlights the regulating factors of the active role of B vitamins active in stroke prevention. Also, inputs for further large, well-designed studies, for specific, particularly sensitive subgroups are given.Food safety is a bottleneck problem. In order to provide information about advanced and unique food packaging technique, this study summarized the advancements of electrospinning technique. Food packaging is a multidisciplinary area involving food science, food engineering, food chemistry, and food microbiology, and the interest in maintaining the freshness and quality of foods has grown considerably. For this purpose, electrospinning technology has gained much attention due to its unique functions and superior processing. Sudden advancements of electrospinning have been rapidly incorporated into research. This review summarized some latest information about food packaging and different materials used for the packaging of various foods such as fruits, vegetables, meat, and processed items. Also, the use of electrospinning and materials used for the formation of nanofibers are discussed in detail. However, in food industry, the application of electrospun nanofibers is still in its infancy. In this study, different parameters, structures of nanofibers, features and fundamental properties are described briefly, while polymers fabricated through electrospinning with advances in food packaging films are described in detail. Moreover, this comprehensive review focuses on the polymers used for the electrospinning of nanofibers as packaging films and their applications for variety of foods. This will be a valuable source of information for researchers studying various polymers for electrospinning for application in the food packaging industry.
This study explores the relationship between systolic blood pressure during the acute period of stroke and poor functional outcome in patients with lacunar stroke, emphasizing a possible time-dependent nature of the relationship.
Based on multicenter stroke registry data, patients with acute lacunar stroke were identified, and systolic blood pressure levels at eight time points (1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24, 48, and 72 h) after stroke onset were extracted at the 15 participating centers in South Korea. Poor functional outcome was defined as a three-month modified Rankin Scale score of 2-6. Non-linear restricted cubic spline and linear models were used for assessing the relationship at each time point.
A total of 97,349 systolic blood pressure measurements of 3,042 patients were analyzed. At 1 h and 4 h after stroke onset, the relationship between systolic blood pressure and poor outcome showed a non-linear association. The nadir was 155 mmHg at 1 h and 124 mmHg at 4 h. After this time period, a higher systolic blood pressure was associated with a poorer outcome. This linear relationship weakened over time after 12 h (coefficient values of the adjusted linear models 0.0081 at 8 h, 0.0105 at 12 h, 0.0102 at 24 h, 0.0082 at 48 h, 0.0054 at 72 h).
Based on our cohort of large number of lacunar stroke patients, our findings suggest that systolic blood pressure levels may follow a time-dependent course in relation to prediction of outcome at three months. The findings may be valuable for hypothesis generation in association with clinical trial development for blood pressure control in acute stroke patients.
Based on our cohort of large number of lacunar stroke patients, our findings suggest that systolic blood pressure levels may follow a time-dependent course in relation to prediction of outcome at three months. selleck chemicals The findings may be valuable for hypothesis generation in association with clinical trial development for blood pressure control in acute stroke patients.With an increase in life expectancy and decrease of quality-of-life couple with the high prevalence of diseases, diet is expected to play a key function in sustaining human health. Nutritionists, food technologists and medical experts are working in synergy to cater for the increasing demand of food with associated therapeutic benefits, commonly known as functional food, that may improve well-being and reduce the risk of diseases. Interestingly, the marine ecosystem, due to its abundant and phenomenal biodiversity of marine organisms, constitutes a vital source of a panoply of healthy foods supply for the thriving functional food industry. Marine organisms such as seaweeds, sea cucumbers, sponges, and mollusks amongst others are sources of thousands of biologically active metabolites with antioxidant, anti-parasitic, antiviral, anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties. Given the growing number of research and interest to probe into the therapeutic roles of marine products, this review was designed to provide a comprehensive summary of the therapeutic properties of marine organisms (macroalgae, sea cucumbers and fish among others) which are consumed worldwide, in addition to their potentials and as sources of functional ingredients for developing novel food and fostering wellness. The gap between research development and actual commercialization, and future prospects of marine-based products also summarized to some extent.
Urinary and fecal incontinence are disabling impairments after stroke that can be clinically managed with electrical stimulation.
The purpose of this systematic review was to determine the effectiveness of non-implanted electrical stimulation to reduce the severity of post-stroke incontinence.
Clinical trials of non-implanted electrical stimulation applied for the purposes of treating post-stroke incontinence were searched in MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PEDro, and CENTRAL. From a total of 5043 manuscripts, 10 trials met the eligibility criteria (
= 894 subjects). Nine trials reported urinary incontinence severity outcomes enabling meta-analysis of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS; five trials) and electroacupuncture (four trials). Studies provide good-to-fair quality evidence that TENS commenced <3 months post-stroke has a large effect on urinary continence (
= -3.40, 95%
-4.46 to -2.34) and a medium effect when commenced >3 months after stroke (
= -0.67, 95%
-1.09 to -0.26). Electroacupuncture has a large effect when administered >5 times a week (
= -2.32, 95%
-2.96 to -1.68) and a small effect when administered five times a week (
= -0.44, 95%
-0.69 to -0.18). Only one trial reported the effect of non-implanted electrical stimulation on post-stroke fecal incontinence.
Published trials evaluating the effect of non-implanted electrical stimulation on post-stroke incontinence are few and heterogenous. Synthesized trials suggest that early and frequent treatment using electrical stimulation is probably more effective than sham or no treatment. Further trials measuring incontinence in an objective manner are required.
Published trials evaluating the effect of non-implanted electrical stimulation on post-stroke incontinence are few and heterogenous. Synthesized trials suggest that early and frequent treatment using electrical stimulation is probably more effective than sham or no treatment. Further trials measuring incontinence in an objective manner are required.
Deterioration of physical functioning after stroke in the long term is regarded as a major problem. Currently, the relationship between "peoples'" movement behavior patterns (the composition of sedentary behavior and physical activity during waking hours) directly after stroke and the development of physical functioning over time is unknown. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to investigate (1) the course of physical functioning within the first two years after returning home after stroke, and (2) the association between physical functioning and baseline movement behavior patterns.
In the longitudinal RISE cohort study, 200 persons with a first-ever stroke discharged to the home-setting were included. Participants' physical functioning was assessed within three weeks, at six months, and one and two years after discharge using the Stroke Impact Scale (SIS) 3.0 subscale physical and the five-meter walk test (5MWT). Three distinct movement behavior patterns were identified in a previous study at baedictive of the course of physical functioning. Highly sedentary and inactive people with stroke have unfavorable outcomes over time than individuals with higher amounts of physical activity.
Movement behavior patterns identified directly after returning home in people with stroke are associated with and are predictive of the course of physical functioning. Highly sedentary and inactive people with stroke have unfavorable outcomes over time than individuals with higher amounts of physical activity.
Early prediction of malignant infarction may guide treatment decisions. For patients who received endovascular treatment, the risk of malignant infarction is unknown and risk factors are unrevealed.
The objective of this study is to estimate the incidence of malignant infarction after endovascular treatment in patients with an occlusion of the anterior circulation, to identify independent risk factors, and to establish a model for prediction.
We analyzed patients who received endovascular treatment for a large vessel occlusion in the anterior circulation within 6.5 h after symptom onset, included in the Dutch MR CLEAN Registry between March 2014 and June 2016. We compared patients with and without malignant infarction. Candidate predictors were incorporated in a multivariable binary logistic regression model. The final prediction model was established using backward elimination. Discrimination and calibration were evaluated with the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) and the set is approximately 6%. Successful reperfusion decreases the risk. A prediction model combining easily retrievable measures of age, ASPECTS, collateral status, and reperfusion shows good discrimination between patients who will develop malignant infarction and those who will not.
Cortical cerebral microinfarcts are a small vessel disease biomarker underlying cognitive impairment and dementia. However, it is unknown whether cortical cerebral microinfarcts are associated with neuropsychiatric disturbances, and whether its effects are independent of conventional small vessel disease markers.
We investigated the associations of cortical cerebral microinfarcts burden with incidence and progression of neuropsychiatric subsyndromes in a memory clinic cohort of elderly in Singapore.
In this prospective cohort, 496 subjects underwent detailed neuropsychological and clinical assessments, 3T brain MRI, and Neuropsychiatric Inventory assessment at baseline and two years later. Cortical cerebral microinfarcts and other small vessel disease markers, including white matter hyperintensities, lacunes, and microbleeds, were graded according to established criteria. Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) were clustered into subsyndromes of hyperactivity, psychosis, affective, and apathy following prior findings.
