Honeycuttrojas1889

00001). Sixty-four (98.46%) infants in the study group and 2569 (99.26%) infants in the control group passed the tests. The difference between the two groups was not significant, indicating that exposure to noise during pregnancy had no unfavorable effects on auditory functions (P = 0.392). Conclusion Unfavorable effect of noise exposure during pregnancy was not observed on auditory functions of the infants. The higher rate of infants that passed the screening test at OAE1 stage in the study group raised the question, "Does the exposure of the noise at exposure action levels (80-85 dB A) during pregnancy contribute to auditory maturation of fetus?"Context Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is considered as a common occupational hazard among the industrial workers. The printing press is one of the common industrial set up where noise levels are often high. The awareness of people working in such a setup is generally less towards the hazards that is caused by noise exposure. Aim The current study was designed to identify the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of printing press workers towards NIHL. Settings and Design Cross-sectional study was carried using an adapted and validated KAP questionnaire. It was administered on 57 workers in Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala. Methods and Material The study was carried out in two phases phase I included the adaptation and validation of KAP questionnaire to printing press workers. Phase II comprised of the administration of the questionnaire among the study population. Statistical analysis used Descriptive statistics was used to compile the results. To measure the internal consistency Cronbach's alpha scale was used. Results The responses obtained from workers showed inadequate knowledge, negative attitudes in certain subdomains and poor practice. Conclusions The findings from the present study sheds light on the dearth of awareness in printing press workers on hearing conservation and need of training programs to educate the printing press workers towards the effects of NIHL.Objective The present study compared recognition of native and non-native consonants in quiet and noise among native speakers of Malayalam. Methods and Material Fifteen native speakers of Malayalam who had English as the medium of instruction at school participated in the study. Stimuli comprised of 16 vowel-consonants-vowel nonsense syllables spoken by eight native speakers of Malayalam (native consonants) and eight native speakers of American English (non-native consonants). Recognition of native and non-native consonants was studied in quiet and in the presence of speech-shaped noise at signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) of 8 dB, 0 dB, and -8 dB. The consonant recognition task was carried out as 16-alternative forced-choice procedure, and the responses were stored as confusion matrix. Results In favourable listening condition (i.e., quiet and 8 dB SNR), the recognition score for native consonants was greater than non-native consonants. In contrast, at 0 dB SNR and -8 dB SNR, the recognition score of non-native consonants was greater than native consonants. Information transfer analysis revealed that the transfer of information was highest for consonant feature manner of articulation and lowest for voicing, across listening conditions for both native and non-native consonants. Conclusions Recognition of native and non-native consonants were affected differently in the presence of speech-shaped noise among native speakers of Malayalam. In favourable listening condition, recognition of native consonants was better than non-native consonants. However, in challenging listening condition, non-native consonants were found to be recognised better than native consonants.Background Many public health professionals have expressed concern that regular participation in recreational settings with high noise levels might induce hearing loss. This study measures the noise levels in a baseball stadium and analyzes baseball fans' attitude of effect of recreational noise exposure on their hearing. Methods In the baseball stadium, noise levels from the beginning to the end of four games were measured in four seating sections, the red, blue, navy, and outfield sections using a sound level meter. For the survey sample, 344 randomly selected participants who visited the stadium and/or were baseball fans completed a 16-question survey on their noise exposure during the game and on the potential risk of hearing loss. Results The LAeq average of the 16 measures produced 91.7 dBA, showing a significantly high noise level in the red and navy sections. As a function of frequency by LZeq analysis, the noise levels of low frequencies between 0.05 and 1 kHz were significantly higher than other frequencies except for the outfield section, but the levels abruptly decreased above 1 kHz. Despite the very high noise levels, 70% of the respondents preferred sitting in either the red or the navy section to be closer to the cheerleaders and to obtain a good view. Most respondents reported that they did not consider wearing earplugs, and one-third experienced hearing muffled speech after the game. Notably, they agreed that an information announcement regarding loud noise and hearing protection was needed at the stadium. Conclusions We conclude that the noise levels in baseball stadiums are high enough to cause hearing damage and/or tinnitus later when applying a rule of 85 dB LAeq for 8 hours with a 3-dB exchange rate. We expect these results to improve public education regarding safe noise exposure during popular sports activities.Dandy-Walker syndrome (DWS) is a rare congenital cystic malformation of the posterior cranial fossa. Patients show signs and symptoms of complex clinical manifestations, ranging from cranial nerve and cerebellar dysfunctions to extracranial abnormalities, which may pose challenges in dental management. This article represents a rare case of a 12-year-old girl with DWS along with the involvement of the oral cavity.Oral squamous papillomas are benign proliferating lesions induced by human papillomavirus. These lesions are painless and slowly-growing masses. As an oral lesion, it raises concern because of its clinical appearance. These lesions commonly occur between age 30 and 50 years, and sometimes can occur before the age of 10 years. Oral squamous papilloma accounts for 8% of all oral tumors in children. Common site predilection for the lesion is the tongue and palate and may occur on any other surface of the oral cavity such as the uvula and vermilion of the lip. Here, we are presenting a case of squamous papilloma on the palate in a 9-year-old child.One of the most common clinical challenges encountered with facemask therapy for early correction of skeletal Class III malocclusions is the delivery of appropriate direction of force for effecting the pure translation of maxilla. This technical note describes a novel method involving the use of Begg's auxiliary for achieving efficient and predictable delivery of protraction forces. With this modified assembly, effective vector control for facemask can be achieved without the need to remove the bonded Hyrax assembly. This chairside modification is an effective and invaluable method for predictable force delivery in facemask therapy.Periostitis ossificans (PO) is a type of osteomyelitis stemming from an odontogenic infection, generally found in children and adolescents, and often leads to the loss of the involved tooth. This case presents a less invasive alternative for the treatment of PO. A 10-year-old patient presented with an asymmetrical increase in the left side of the mandible. Tooth 36 exhibited pulp necrosis and incomplete root formation. Radiographically, the bone in the region had the appearance of the layers of an onion. Computed tomography indicated periosteal bone proliferation in the region of the ramus and angle of the mandible adjacent to the vestibular cortical bone. Selleck BI-3812 Therapy involved root canal preparation and intracanal medication with calcium hydroxide in tooth 36. Complete remission of the condition occurred within 14 months. In conclusion, endodontic intervention is a less invasive alternative and should be considered to minimize the negative impact of tooth loss in children.Aim Single- and multiple-visit root canal treatment has been the subject of long-standing debate in the endodontic community, so the purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of postoperative flare-up after single- and multiple-visit endodontic therapy in permanent teeth. Materials and Methods A total of 65 children aged >10 years who underwent root canal treatment were randomly categorized equally into two treatment groups the first group underwent single-visit treatment, and the other group underwent multiple-visit therapy. The visual analog scale was employed to evaluate pain preoperatively and postoperatively after obturation. Recall visits were carried out after 1 week, 1 and 3, 6 and 9 months. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 15.0 was employed for statistical analysis. Results Except at the baseline, at all the other time intervals, the mean pain score in the multiple-visit group was higher as compared to that of the single-visit group; statistically no significant difference was found. Conclusion The mean pain score in the single-visit group was lower as compared to that of the multiple-visit group; however, the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P > 0.05).Background Dental anxiety is a primary cause of missed dental appointments, delayed treatment, and untreated dental caries in children. Alternative techniques such as music therapy (MT) and Bach flower therapy (BFT) have potential to reduce anxiety. Lack of randomized controlled studies evaluating effectiveness of these methods in reducing dental anxiety led us to this study. Aim To compare the effectiveness of BFT and MT on reduction of dental anxiety in pediatric patients. Materials and Methods A total of 120 children (aged 4-6 years) were selected and randomly allocated to three groups BFT, MT, and control. All children received oral prophylaxis and fluoride treatment. Dental anxiety was evaluated using North Carolina Behavior Rating Scale, Facial Image Scale (FIS), and physiological parameters. Results Significantly better behavior was seen in children from the BFT group as compared to the control group (P = 0.014). FIS scores measured postoperatively did not show significant differences among the groups. Children from the BFT and MT groups showed a significant decrease in the pulse rates intraoperatively from the preoperative period. Intraoperative systolic blood pressure in children from the MT group was significantly lower than both the BFT and the control groups. Diastolic blood pressure significantly increased in the control group intraoperatively, whereas other groups showed a decrease. Conclusion The results of this study demonstrate significant effects of both single dose of BFT and exposure to MT, on reduction of dental anxiety in children aged between 4 and 6 years.The chemomechanical preparation of root canal dentin with hand or rotary instruments creates debris and a smear layer. Root canal preparation (RCP) along with irrigants is not effective in cleaning apical portions, and hence, different laser activation systems were used for better cleaning in the apical third. AIM The aim of this study is to compare the efficacy of erbium yttrium-aluminum-garnet (ErYAG) and diode laser irradiation in smear layer removal and dentin permeability after biomechanical preparation using scanning electron microscopic investigation. MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty sound single-rooted human teeth were distributed randomly and equally into three groups (n = 10 each) based upon the type of laser irradiation after RCP Group I (control group) - RCP with ProTaper rotary system using the standard irrigating protocol; Group II - RCP with ProTaper rotary system using the standard irrigating protocol followed by diode laser irradiation; and Group III - RCP with ProTaper rotary system using the standard irrigating protocol followed by ErYAG laser irradiation.