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These findings suggest that PON1 and ATIII have the potential to serve as effective biomarkers for distinguishing AFP-negative HCC from cirrhosis.

These findings suggest that PON1 and ATIII have the potential to serve as effective biomarkers for distinguishing AFP-negative HCC from cirrhosis.

Muscle mass at admission is important to survive stroke, and stroke-induced sarcopenia is a serious problem because of its poor prognosis. Muscle mass measurement and monitoring are essential for appropriate rehabilitation and nutrition management. However, few reviews are available about the muscle mass measurement and monitoring after stroke.

Several methods are used to assess skeletal muscle mass in stroke, such as computed tomography (CT), ultrasound, bioelectrical impedance analysis, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, biomarkers, and anthropometrics. We summarized the current methods and clinical applications in stroke.

In stroke, a head CT is used to estimate muscle mass by measuring the temporal muscle. However, it can be conducted retrospectively due to radiation exposure. After stroke, limb muscle atrophy and diaphragm dysfunction are observed using ultrasound. However, ultrasound requires an understanding of the methods and skill. A bioelectrical impedance analysis can be used to assess muscle mass in patients after a stroke unless they have dynamic fluid changes. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry is used for follow-up after hospital discharge. Urinary titin N-fragment and serum C-terminal agrin fragment reflect muscle atrophy after stroke. Anthropometrics may be useful with limited resources.

We summarized the features of each measurement and proved the recent evidence to properly measure and monitor skeletal muscle mass after stroke.

We summarized the features of each measurement and proved the recent evidence to properly measure and monitor skeletal muscle mass after stroke.

We aimed to quantify the sensitivity in biomechanical response and stability of the intact and anterior cruciate ligament deficient (ACL-D) joints at mid-to-late stance periods of gait to the alterations in activation of gastrocnemii (Gas) muscles.

A validated kinematics-driven musculoskeletal finite-element model of the lower extremity is used to compute knee joint response and stability under reported kinetics-kinematics of healthy subjects. Activation in Gas is altered under prescribed gait data at the mid-to-late stance of gait and associated changes in remaining muscle forces/contact forces/areas/ACL force and joint stability are computed in both intact and ACL-D joints.

In the intact joint, the anterior-tibial-translation (ATT) as well as ACL and joint contact forces follow variations in Gas forces. CWI1-2 nmr Both the stability and ATT of an ACL-D joint are restored to the near-intact levels when the activity in Gas is reduced. Knee joint instability, excessive ATT as well as larger peak articular contact s understanding towards improved preventive, diagnostic, and treatment approaches.

Quadriceps strength asymmetry at the time of return-to-sport (RTS) after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) contributes to altered landing mechanics. However, the impact of RTS quadriceps strength on longitudinal alterations in landing mechanics, a risk factor for poor knee joint health over time, is not understood. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that young athletes with quadriceps strength asymmetry at the time of RTS clearance after ACLR would demonstrate asymmetric landing mechanics 2years later compared to those without quadriceps strength asymmetry.

We followed 57 young athletes (age at RTS=17.6±3.0years; 77% females) with primary, unilateral ACLR for 2years following RTS clearance. At RTS, we measured isometric quadriceps strength bilaterally and calculated limb-symmetry indices [LSI=(involved/uninvolved)×100%]. Using RTS quadriceps LSI, we divided participants into High-Quadriceps (HQ; LSI≥90%) and Low-Quadriceps (LQ; LSI<85%) groups. Two years later, we assessed landing mechanics during a drop-vertical jump (DVJ) task using three-dimensional motion analysis. We compared involved/uninvolved limb values and LSI between the HQ and LQ groups using Mann-Whitney U tests.

The LQ group (n=26) demonstrated greater asymmetry (lower LSI) during landing at 2years post-RTS for knee flexion excursion (p=0.016) and peak vertical ground reaction force (p=0.006) compared to the HQ group (n=28). There were no group differences in uninvolved or involved limb values for all variables (all p>0.093).

Young athletes after ACLR with quadriceps strength asymmetry at the time of RTS favored the uninvolved limb during DVJ landing 2years later. These landing asymmetries may relate to long-term knee joint health after ACLR.

Young athletes after ACLR with quadriceps strength asymmetry at the time of RTS favored the uninvolved limb during DVJ landing 2 years later. These landing asymmetries may relate to long-term knee joint health after ACLR.

The systems for precisely locating the joint line during primary and revision total knee arthroplasty are still controversial, and they should be better evaluated in the Chinese population.

A total of 451 standard anteroposterior knee radiographs from 451 healthy Chinese people (283 males and 168 females, the average age of 33.26years, range 20-50years) were included to measure the femoral width (FW) and the distances from the adductor tubercle (AT), the medial epicondyle (ME), the lateral epicondyle (LE), and the fibular head (FH) to the joint line (JL). Correlation between FW and distances from landmarks to the joint line was evaluated using Pearson correlation coefficient, and the ratios of ATJL, MEJL, LEJL, FHJL to FW were calculated.

The average distances from the AT, the ME, the LE, the FH to the JL were 49.4±5.0mm, 28.3±3.1mm, 26.9±2.9mm, 20.0±4.0mm, respectively. An excellent linear correlation was found between FW and the distance from AT to the joint line (R=0.836, R

=0.698); it was more reliable than the LE (R=0.686, R

=0.471) and the ME (R=0.672, R

=0.452). The average ratios of ATJL/FW, MEJL/FW, LEJL/FW were 0.553, 0.317, and 0.302, respectively. There were significant differences between our results and the studies based on the Western people.

The AT can be used as a reliable landmark to locate the JL precisely by the formula (ATJL=0.548×FW in males; ATJL=0.562×FW in females) in the Chinese population. The LE and ME can be the second choices. Moreover, it may be better to use ratios from the research based on the same race.

The AT can be used as a reliable landmark to locate the JL precisely by the formula (ATJL = 0.548 × FW in males; ATJL = 0.562 × FW in females) in the Chinese population. The LE and ME can be the second choices. Moreover, it may be better to use ratios from the research based on the same race.