Holmesacevedo7107

The pandemic attributed to the SARS-CoV-2 virus has been responsible since 2019 for the extreme strains put on health and social assistance services across the globe. While factors such as the contagiousness of the virus, the lack of immunity in the general population and the uncertain trajectory of the pandemic contribute to the rise of general anxiety among these professionals, the morbidity and mortality attributed to the virus, the scarcity of material and personnel resources are at high risk of leading to their exhaustion, both physically and mentally. The admirable surge of solidarity, resilience and self-sacrifice shown on a daily basis by these professionals and many others should not obscure the awareness of the mental «cost» of caring.The COVID-19 pandemic underlines how vulnerable our societies are to health and economic shocks. It reveals and exacerbates existing inequalities in terms of health status, income, or employment. In Switzerland, as well as globally, most socioeconomically disadvantaged individuals are also the most exposed and vulnerable to the virus, both at work and in their homes. Our aim is to describe the mechanisms through which the pandemic has disproportionally affected some groups of the population. We are particularly interested in the concentration of health and economic risks in specific households and in the public policies implemented to fight the pandemic on the health front while attempting to reduce its economic impact.The COVID-19 crisis has rapidly increased the vulnerability of groups of population already facing precarious living conditions. The emergence of food and housing insecurity have forced health and social actors along with the local authorities to implement innovative responses in order to respond to these unmet needs. This article presents some of these responses, such as an interdisciplinary mobile COVID-19 screening team, an emergency housing program and a large-scale food assistance program. These examples highlight the need for an intersectoral, coordinated and collaborative response simultaneously targeting different domains of insecurity in parallel to actions on the underpinning social and political determinants of these vulnerabilities.

Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is the most severe form of tuberculosis, but differentiating between the diagnosis of TBM and viral meningitis (VM) is difficult. Thus, we have developed machine-learning modules for differentiating TBM from VM.

For the training data, confirmed or probable TBM and confirmed VM cases were retrospectively collected from five teaching hospitals in Korea between January 2000 - July 2018. Various machine-learning algorithms were used for training. The machine-learning algorithms were tested by the leave-one-out cross-validation. Four residents and two infectious disease specialists were tested using the summarized medical information.

The training study comprised data from 60 patients with confirmed or probable TBM and 143 patients with confirmed VM. Older age, longer symptom duration before the visit, lower serum sodium, lower cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) glucose, higher CSF protein, and CSF adenosine deaminase were found in the TBM patients. Among the various machine-learning algorithms, the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristics of artificial neural network (ANN) with ImperativeImputer for matrix completion (0.85; 95% confidence interval 0.79 - 0.89) was found to be the highest. The AUC of the ANN model was statistically higher than those of all the residents (range 0.67 - 0.72,

<0.001) and an infectious disease specialist (AUC 0.76;

= 0.03).

The machine-learning techniques may play a role in differentiating between TBM and VM. Specifically, the ANN model seems to have better diagnostic performance than the non-expert clinician.

The machine-learning techniques may play a role in differentiating between TBM and VM. Specifically, the ANN model seems to have better diagnostic performance than the non-expert clinician.Viral hepatitis is the most important cause of acute and chronic liver disease in Korea. Particularly, hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the leading cause of liver-related mortality. Because of the nationwide vaccinations in the 1980s, hepatitis B surface antigen positive rates substantially decreased from 8% to 3%. Moreover, the introduction of potent nucleoside or nucleotide analogs led to the effective treatment of patients who had already been infected by HBV. The remaining issue has been to develop novel drugs that can cure HBV infection. Hepatitis C virus (HCV), on the other hand, is a hepatotropic virus that is parenterally transmitted. In Korea, the prevalence of HCV is estimated to be approximately 1%. Although no effective vaccine for HCV has been developed yet, highly effective and safe direct-acting antiviral therapy, which has a short treatment duration of 8-12 weeks, has made HCV eradication possible globally. Currently, the unsolved issue regarding HCV management is low disease awareness among patients and health care providers. Therefore, nationwide testing for anti-HCV would be a solution to identify patients infected with HCV but with no symptoms. Lastly, the Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is orally transmitted and results in acute hepatitis. In Korea, the young adult population is a high-risk group since this group is not vaccinated against HAV. More active vaccination and improved hygiene would be necessary to prevent HAV infection.

This paper aimed to inspect factors affecting febrile neutropenia patients with hematologic malignancies. Triptolide concentration The intestinal colonization rate of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing

(ESBL-E) and carbapenem-resistant

(CRE) was assessed. The rate of subsequent ESBL-E and CRE bacteremia correlated with corresponding bacterial colonization was evaluated. Further, the risk factors for ESBL-E and CRE intestinal colonization were examined. Finally, the impact of rectal swab screening combined with adapted empirical antibiotic therapy on the mortality rate of patients with febrile neutropenia was assessed.

Febrile neutropenia patients underwent rectal swabs and collection of blood culture specimens upon admission. Empirical treatment was subsequently modified according to rectal swab results if necessary. Bacteremia patients were treated according to blood culture results. Explorative forward-stepwise logistic regression analyses were used to identify risk factors for ESBL-E and CRE fecal carriage and mortality.