Hollandsheehan9900

Summation testing failed to detect conditioned inhibition in the extinction context, suggesting instead that the context acquired negative occasion-setting properties. Attenuated renewal was not due to an inability of DH lesioned rats to discriminate contexts (Experiment 3). These experiments thus demonstrate a role for the DH in renewal of conditioned suppression when testing occurs in a neutral context. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).Objective Most American adults fail to achieve recommended levels of physical activity and, as a result, are at elevated risk for many chronic diseases. Affective processes have been validated as targets for increasing physical activity but are rarely targeted directly by behavioral interventions. This article describes 2 early phase studies used to develop HeartPhone, a smartphone application for conditioning associations between physical activity and pleasure. HeartPhone exposes users to brief doses of evaluative conditioning stimuli via background images on a smartphone lock screen. Method Study 1 evaluated the feasibility of delivering mobile evaluative conditioning and estimated doses received over 7-21 days in a small sample of users (n = 6). Study 2 used a single-group prepost design to evaluate user experience and determine whether any change in reflective motivation or physical activity was possible over 8 weeks of HeartPhone use (n = 19). Results In Study 1, users accumulated almost 2 min/day of exposure to conditioning stimuli, indicating the feasibility of delivering microdoses of evaluative conditioning via smartphone lock screens. In Study 2, adults reported accepting the application and conditioning stimuli, improved affective judgments of physical activity (enjoyment, intrinsic motivation, integrated regulations), and increased physical activity. Conclusions These results provide proof-of-concept for a low-friction approach for enhancing affective processing and increasing physical activity. Based on early phase success as a tool for engaging smartphone users in behavior change, the HeartPhone intervention is ready for a Phase IIb pilot and III efficacy trials. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).Sibling relationships wherein at least one sibling suffers from a mental disorder have seldom been studied. The few existing studies found that children with mental disorders reported high levels of disputes within sibling relationships as well as less parental support and admiration. The aim of the present study was to examine the quality of sibling relationships in children and adolescents with a psychiatric diagnosis (clinical sample [CS]) as compared to an age and gender matched healthy control group (HC). One hundred fifty-six children and adolescents (nCS = 78/nHC = 78) between 8 and 18 years of age were recruited. The CS consisted of patients recruited from the daycare facility and inpatient unit of the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin. HC was matched by gender, sibling position, and age. Quality of sibling relationships was examined using the German version of the Sibling Relationship Questionnaire (SRQ-deu, self-report). Additionally, the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL 4-18) was implemented in the CS to enable a classification into externalizing, internalizing, and combined disorders. The CS sample reported a warmer sibling relationship compared to the HC sample. Conflict within the sibling relationship differed significantly between participants with internalizing, externalizing, and combined disorders. Relevance of sibling relationships as a possible resource for children and adolescents with a mental illness is discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).The goal of this study is to integrate family systems theory, reflected in the construct of coparenting, with the attachment theory's concept of mentalization and how they are linked with children's behavior problems. We investigate the direct, indirect, and moderating links between mothers' and fathers' perceived coparenting, parental mentalization, and children's externalizing and internalizing behavior in the context of parents' general anxiety. Our sample consists of 78 cohabiting, heterosexual Israeli couples and their 3- to 5-year-old children. Both parents independently completed self-report questionnaires regarding their general anxiety, coparenting experiences and children's externalizing and internalizing behavior and were individually interviewed to assess their mind-mindedness. Actor-partner interdependent model extended for mediation analysis (APIMeM) revealed a direct actor and partner effect of parents' general anxiety on perceived coparenting and on the child's externalizing and internalizing behavior, and an indirect actor effect via coparenting, in the case of the child's externalizing behavior. In all models tested, the links were similar for mothers and fathers. Regression analysis with a PROCESS macro showed that maternal mind-mindedness, but not paternal mind-mindedness, moderated the direct link between parents' general anxiety and the child's externalizing behavior. Findings demonstrate the significant impact of fathers' and mothers' anxiety on the family system and on children in particular. We discuss the importance of coparenting as an executive subsystem in the family and of maternal mentalization as a buffer against the negative impact of parents' general anxiety on the child and suggest their potential contribution for prevention and treatment interventions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).We advance a tripartite framework of language use to encompass language skills, the practice of language skills, and the subjective experiences associated with language use among Mexican-origin adolescents who function as language brokers by translating and interpreting for their English-limited parents. Immunology antagonist Using data collected over 2 waves from a sample of 604 adolescents (Wave 1 Mage = 12.41, SD = 0.97), this study identified 4 types of bilingual language broker profiles that capture the tripartite framework of language use efficacious, moderate, ambivalent, and nonchalant. All 4 profiles emerged across waves and brokering recipients (i.e., mothers, fathers), except for Wave 1 brokering for mother, in which case only 3 profiles (i.e., efficacious, moderate, and ambivalent) emerged. Three profiles emerged across time stable efficacious, stable moderate, and other. The efficacious and stable efficacious profiles showed the most consistent relation to adolescents' academic competence. Improving bilingual language proficiency, together with fostering more frequently positive brokering experiences, may be an avenue to improving academic competence among Mexican-origin adolescents in the United States.