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In all treatments, the light intensities of the fluctuating light were kept constant. Therefore, rapid light fluctuation frequency itself induced the acceleration of photosynthetic induction and the enhancement of photoprotection in maize seedlings, which play important roles in protecting photosynthetic apparatus against fluctuating high light to a certain extent.Sepsis is a major cause of acute kidney injury (AKI) among patients in the intensive care unit. However, the numbers of basic science papers for septic AKI account for only 1% of all publications on AKI. This may be partially attributable to the specific pathophysiology of septic AKI as compared to that of the other types of AKI because it shows only modest histological changes despite functional decline and often requires real-time functional analysis. To increase the scope of research in this field, this article reviews the basic research information that has been reported thus far on the subject of septic AKI, mainly from the viewpoint of functional dysregulation, including some knowledge acquired with multiphoton intravital imaging. Moreover, the efficacy and limitation of the potential novel therapies are discussed. Finally, the author proposes several points that should be considered when designing the study, such as monitoring the long-term effects of the intervention and reflecting the clinical settings for identifying the molecular mechanisms and for challenging the intervention effects.

Peritonitis is one of the major complications of peritoneal dialysis (PD). Although several reports have indicated seasonality of peritonitis, the observation periods were short, and there were no reports from Japan. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the long-term seasonality of peritonitis in a single institution in Japan.

Of 126 patients who started PD in our hospital between January 1, 2009, and December 31, 2018, 25 patients (15 men, 10 patients with diabetes) developed peritonitis with a total of 42 episodes. The median age at onset was 63years, and the median duration from the start of PD to the onset of peritonitis was 22months.

The 10-year incidence of peritonitis was 0.12 episodes per patient-year. Compared with the reference season of winter (December-February), the incidence rate ratios (95% confidence interval) for spring (March-May), summer (June-August), and autumn (September-November) were 1.75 (0.65-4.75), 1.56 (0.57-4.31), and 2.42 (0.94-6.23), respectively. learn more In addition, no seasonality of Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms was observed.

No seasonality was evident in the incidence of PD-related peritonitis in our hospital over a 10-year period. These findings suggest that the development of peritonitis in Japanese PD patients is not affected by seasonality.

No seasonality was evident in the incidence of PD-related peritonitis in our hospital over a 10-year period. These findings suggest that the development of peritonitis in Japanese PD patients is not affected by seasonality.In the original publication of the article, the second sentence under the heading, Case presentation appears incorrectly as A computed tomographic (CT) scan demonstrated left-sided hydronephrosis (Fig. 1).A retrospective study of the epidemiology of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) in a regional hospital of central Italy in 2001-2018 demonstrated an increased VRE prevalence since 2016. A total of 113 VRE isolates, 89 E. faecium (VREfm) and 24 E. faecalis (VREfs), were collected in the study period. All strains showed high-level resistance to vancomycin; 107 also showed teicoplanin resistance. Altogether, 84 VREfm and 20 VREfs carried vanA, whereas 5 VREfm and 1 VREfs carried vanB. MLST analysis documented that 89 VREfm isolates mainly belonged to ST78, ST80, and ST117. Most strains were isolated from 2001 to 2007, ST78 being the predominant clone. VREfm re-emerged in 2016 with a prevalence of the ST80 lineage. Most VREfs were isolated from 2001 to 2006; although they belonged to 7 different STs, there was a prevalence of ST88 and ST6. Notably, ST88 was sporadically recovered throughout the study period. The increasing rate of VREfm isolation from 2016 to 2018 may be related to the influx of new successful clones and to the renewed and widespread use of vancomycin. Improved infection control measures in hospital wards should be adopted to limit the spread of new epidemic VRE strains.The world is witnessing a serious public health threat in the wake of the third corona virus pandemic, a novel corona virus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 [SARS-CoV-2]). The Corona Virus Disease-19 (COVID-19) is not limited to the respiratory system but has widespread involvement including the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and liver, with evidence of prolonged fecal shedding and feco-oral transmission. This finding has stirred up a hornet's nest of not only a newer modality of the spread of the virus but also a risk of the unpredictable duration of the infective potential of the shedders. We reviewed the literature on fecal shedding and possible implications on prevention and surveillance strategies. The pandemic is changing the management of underlying chronic diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and other diseases. Moreover, for the gastroenterologist, doing endoscopic procedures in this COVID-19 era poses a high risk of contamination, as it is an aerosol-generating procedure. There is a daily influx of data on this disease, and multiple societies are coming up with various recommendations. We provide a comprehensive review of all the reported GI manifestations of COVID-19 infection and the side effects of confounding drugs. We have summarized the management recommendations for diseases such as IBD with COVID-19 and nutritional recommendations and provided a concise review of the endoscopy guidelines by the various societies. This review provides a comprehensive account and a lucid guide covering various aspects of gastroenterology practice during this COVID-19 pandemic.

The persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC) is usually asymptomatic and creates a challenge when detected incidentally during cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillator (CRT-D) implantation. The purpose of our cases is to show different anatomical variables of PLSVC and different strategies used for CRT-D implantation.

Four cases of PLSVC were presented. Pre-procedural bilateral venography was done to define anatomical variant of PLSVC. The side of approach and vein of approach were chosen according to the anatomical variant. Major challenges, electrical parameters, procedural times, long-term follow up, and complications were addressed.

Two cases were de novo CRT-D implantation. One case was an extraction/re-implantation of the coil lead, and one case was an upgrading. In one case, CRT-D implantation was followed by AVN ablation. All cases had successful devices implantation. Two cases had isolated PLSVC one of them had right approach and the other had left approach. One case had double SVC with no connecting brachiocephalic veins and underwent a left-sided approach.