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28, 95% CI 0.61-2.68, p-trend = 0.72); similar findings emerged for HDL-C and, to a lesser extent, LDL-C. In the NHS/HPFS, no significant associations were found between cholesterol and glioma risk. No significant associations were identified for TG.

In the UK Biobank, higher prediagnostic TC and HDL-C levels were associated with higher risk of glioma in 4-year lagged analyses, but not in non-lagged analyses, in men only. These findings merit further investigation, given that there are few risk factors and no reliable biomarkers of risk identified for glioma.

In the UK Biobank, higher prediagnostic TC and HDL-C levels were associated with higher risk of glioma in 4-year lagged analyses, but not in non-lagged analyses, in men only. These findings merit further investigation, given that there are few risk factors and no reliable biomarkers of risk identified for glioma.The methanolic extract of the leaves of artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) was found to inhibit nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Among the constituents of the extract, six sesquiterpene lactones (cynaropicrin, grosheimin, 11β,13-dihydrocynaropicrin, 3β-hydroxy-8α-[(S)-3-hydroxy-2-methylpropionyloxy]guaia-4(15),10(14),11(13)-trien-1α,5α,6βH-12,6-olide, 3β-hydroxy-8α-[2-methoxymethyl-2-propenoyloxy]guaia-4(15),10(14),11(13)-trien-1α,5α,6βH-12,6-olide, and deacylcynaropicrin) inhibited NO production and/or inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) induction. The acyl group having an α,β-unsaturated carbonyl group at the 8-position and the α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone moiety were important for the strong inhibitory activity. Our results suggested that these sesquiterpene lactones inhibited the LPS-induced iNOS expression via the suppression of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway in addition to the κNF-κB signaling pathway. With regard to the target molecules of the sesquiterpene lactones, high-affinity proteins of cynaropicrin were purified from the cell extract. ATP/ADP translocase 2 and tubulin were identified and suggested to be involved in the cytotoxic effects of cynaropicrin, although the target molecules for the inhibition of iNOS expression were not clarified.Transoral robotic surgery (TORS) using the da Vinci Surgical system was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in 2009. Currently, most available safety information on TORS procedures describes adverse events occurring in the context of clinical trials or series at high-volume academic centers. The goal of this study was to catalog reported adverse events associated with the da Vinci device in head and neck procedures by querying an FDA database. A search was performed on the MAUDE database inspecting for TORS safety incident reports generated from January 2009 through May 2020 using key words "da Vinci" and "Intuitive Surgical". A total of 3312 medical device records were produced. Of these 36 head and neck adverse events, reports were identified through manual screening of the data by the authors. Death was found to be the most common adverse event reported overall, manifesting in 44% of all reported incidents. The most frequent source of mortality was found to be hemorrhaging in the perioperative period rather than incidents of device malfunction or structural damage from surgery. This was found to be similar to the results of other published series for transoral ablative surgery. This study suggests that the small number of reported adverse events related to TORS with the da Vinci system seems to mirror what would be expected from the same procedures using other methods for transoral surgery.Benefits of robotic surgery for Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) are still debated. We aimed to compare conventional laparoscopic (L-RYGB) to robotic RYGB (R-RYGB) and evaluate safety, efficacy, advantages and drawbacks of each procedure. A prospective cohort study with a retrospective review approach was conducted to analyze results of L-RYGB and R-RYGB performed at a bariatric center of excellence. Patient demographics, perioperative data, weight loss, comorbidities evolution and cost were assessed. One hundred and sixty-one severely obese patients underwent R-RYGB and L-RYGB, respectively. Patient's characteristics were similar between groups. Intraoperative blood loss was similar (p = 0.91), with no requirement for blood transfusion. Median operative time was significantly reduced for R-RYGB (127 vs 160 min; p  less then  0.001). AZD4547 Seven patients (11.4%) in the L-RYGB group and 15 patients (15%) in the R-RYGB group had early postoperative complications (p = 0.63), with more anastomotic leaks and stenosis for R-RYGB during initial learning curve (p = NS). Mortality was null. Median length of hospital stay was similar (6 days; p = 0.20). Mean hospital cost was non-significantly increased for R-RYGB ($5730 vs. $4879; p = 0.34). Two years after surgery, median BMI and mean EWL% were similar for both groups (26.1 vs 26.5 kg/m2 and 89.9% vs 90.9% for L-RYGB and R-RYGB groups, respectively; p = 0.71 and 0.85, respectively), with no statistically significant difference in comorbidities between the two groups (p = 0.80). R-RYGB is feasible and safe within the reach of every laparoscopic surgeon. In our series, it was associated with shorter operative time and equivalent length of stay and weight loss outcomes compared to L-RYGB. Further well-designed randomized studies are necessary to draw safe conclusions.Open inguinal lymph node dissection (O-ILND) is the gold standard in the management of lymph nodes in carcinoma penis; however, video endoscopic inguinal lymphadenectomy (VEIL) is performed in some centers. Our primary objective is to compare perioperative and survival outcomes in patients undergoing VEIL with O-ILND, as very few studies have reported long-term survival outcomes till date. We analyzed patients who underwent O-ILND and VEIL (laparoscopic or robot-assisted) from January 2009 to January 2020 in our institute for carcinoma of the penis. Patient details, perioperative complications, and survival outcomes were analyzed. Perioperative outcomes were analyzed by logistic regression and survival outcomes by log-rank and Cox regression methods. We analyzed 79 patients (32 O-ILND, 47 VEIL) with a median follow-up of 51 (IQR 25.5-75.5) and 42 months (IQR 21-62). Wound complications were common in O-ILND group (65.6%) compared to VEIL group (27.7%) (p = 0.001), predominantly skin flap necrosis in 14 groins (23.73%) after O-ILND and none after VEIL. Median overall survival was 80 and 88 months (p = 0.840) with five-year survival of 65% and 66.8% (p = 0.636) and five-year DSS of 76.6% and 73.9% (p = 0.96) in O-ILND and VEIL, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that grade and pathological node status were significant (HR-2.650, p = 0.040; HR-3.218, p = 0.024) factors for survival. The retrospective nature of the study design is the limitation. Management of inguinal lymph nodes in carcinoma penis by VEIL is safe, associated with lesser wound-related complications, and equivalent survival outcomes compared to O-ILND. It should be considered as an alternative option for inguinal lymph node dissection.

To evaluate the prevalence of less severe hypercortisolism (LSH) in fractured patients, and its association with hypertension, hyperglicemia, dyslipidemia, and obesity.

From July 2015 to October 2018 we enrolled all fractured patients admitted in our outpatient center for metabolic bone diseases, after exclusion of patients with secondary osteoporosis apart from diabetes and taking drugs known to affect bone metabolism. In all enrolled patients we collected data regarding gonadal status, history of diabetes, high blood pressure, dyslipidemia, and measured blood pressure, lipid profile, fasting glycaemia. Bone mass was measured with DXA at lumbar spine and femoral neck and the presence of fractures was evaluated with X-ray of thoracic and lumbar spine. All patients performed twice, 1 mg overnight dexametasone suppression test (DST) and, as confirmatory, 2day low-dose DST for diagnosing hypercortisolism.

We enrolled 101 fractured patients (75 females, 26 males), aged 65 ± 10.3 years. Five out of 101 (5.0%) patients were diagnosed as LSH. Fifty-five (54.5%) out of 101 were hypertensive, 57 (56.4%) dyslipidemic, 17 (16.8%) hyperglicaemic, 28(27.7%) obese patients. LSH tended to be associated to blood hypertension [5/5 vs 50/96 (Fisher exact test, p = 0.06) hypertensive patients]. Four out five LSH patients were hypogonadic.

Our study confirms that a nonnegligible percentage of fractured subjects actually presents an unrecognized hypercortisolism. Accordingly, regardless of age, we suggest to screen for hypercortisolism all patients with established osteoporosis and in particular hypertensive subjects.

Our study confirms that a nonnegligible percentage of fractured subjects actually presents an unrecognized hypercortisolism. Accordingly, regardless of age, we suggest to screen for hypercortisolism all patients with established osteoporosis and in particular hypertensive subjects.

To determine the rate of non-invasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTP) in a multi-institutional series from the Iberian Peninsula and describing this NIFTP cohort.

Retrospective study of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) or well-differentiated tumours of uncertain malignant potential (WDT-UMP) diagnosed between 2005 and 2015 and measuring ≥5 mm in adult patients from 17 hospitals. Pathological reports were reviewed to determine the cases that fulfil the original criteria of NIFTP and histology was reassessed. Rates were correlated with the number of PTC and its follicular variant (FVPTC) of each institution. Demographic data, histology, management, and follow-up of the reclassified NIFTP cohort were recorded.

A total of 182 cases with NIFTP criteria were identified 174/3372 PTC (rate 5.2%; range 0-12.1%) and 8/19 WDT-UMP (42.1%). NIFTP rate showed linear correlation with total PTC (p 0.03) and FVPTC (p 0.007) identified at each centre. Ultrasound findings were non-suspicious in 60.1%. Fine-needle cytology or core biopsy diagnoses were undetermined in 49.7%. Most patients were treated with total thyroidectomy. No case had nodal disease. Among patients with total thyroidectomy, 89.7% had an excellent response evaluated 1 year after surgery. There were no structural persistence or relapses. Five patients showed residual thyroglobulin after 90 months of mean follow-up.

NIFTP rate is low but highly variable in neighbouring institutions of the Iberian Peninsula. This study suggests pathologist's interpretation of nuclear alterations as the main cause of these differences. Patients disclosed an excellent outcome, even without using the strictest criteria.

NIFTP rate is low but highly variable in neighbouring institutions of the Iberian Peninsula. This study suggests pathologist's interpretation of nuclear alterations as the main cause of these differences. Patients disclosed an excellent outcome, even without using the strictest criteria.

Primary autoimmune hypophysitis (PAHs) is a rare inflammatory disease of the pituitary gland. Although largely investigated, the pathogenesis of PAH is not completely clarified. We aimed to investigate the immune response in PAHs.

Serum anti-pituitary and anti-hypothalamus antibodies (respectively APAs and AHAs) were investigated though an indirect immunofluorescence on monkey hypophysis and hypothalamus slides, serum cytokines though an array membrane and cell-mediated immunity though the white blood cells count.

Nineteen PAH cases entered the study. APA or AHA were identified in all cases. APA were detected in 13 patients (68.4%) and AHA in 13 patients (68.4%). Ten patients (52.6%) were simultaneously positive for both APA and AHA. The prevalence of APAs and AHAs was higher as compared to those observed in 50 health controls (respectively 14% p < 0.001 and 24% p = 0.004) and in 100 not-secreting pituitary adenoma (NFPAs) (respectively 22% p = 0.002 and 8% p < 0.001). Similarly, the prevalence of simultaneous positivity for APA and AHA (52.