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To date, scarce evidence exists around the application of subgingival air polishing during treatment of severe periodontitis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the benefits of subgingival air polishing during non-surgical treatment of deep bleeding pockets in stages III-IV periodontitis patients MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty patients with stages III-IV periodontitis were selected, and pockets with probing depth (PD) 5-9mm and bleeding on probing (BoP) were selected as experimental sites. All patients underwent a full-mouth session of erythritol powder supragingival air polishing and ultrasonic instrumentation. Test group received additional subgingival air polishing at experimental sites. The proportion of experimental sites shifting to PD ≤ 4 mm and no BoP at 3months (i.e., non-bleeding closed pockets, NBCPs) was regarded as the primary outcome variable.

The proportion of NBCP was comparable between test and control group (47.9 and 44.7%, respectively). Salubrinal mw Baseline PD of 7-9 mm, multi-rooted teeth and the presence of plaque negatively influenced the probability of obtaining NBCP.

The additional application of subgingival air polishing does not seem to provide any significant clinical advantage in achieving closure at moderate to deep bleeding pockets in treatment of stages III-IV periodontitis patients. The study was registered on Clinical Trials.gov (NCT04264624).

While air polishing can play a role in biofilm removal at supragingival and shallow sites, ultrasonic root surface debridement alone is still the choice for initial treatment of deep bleeding periodontal pockets.

While air polishing can play a role in biofilm removal at supragingival and shallow sites, ultrasonic root surface debridement alone is still the choice for initial treatment of deep bleeding periodontal pockets.

To evaluate the performance of visual inspection alone and associated to radiographic and laser fluorescence (LF) methods in detecting non-evident caries lesions at adolescents' proximal surfaces.

Adolescents (12 to 17years old) were assessed for the presence of caries lesions through visual inspection, radiographic examination, and LF method (DIAGNOdent pen), at non-cavitated (NC) and cavitated lesion (CAV) thresholds. Temporary separation with orthodontic rubbers followed by direct visual inspection was the reference standard method. Two examiners conducted the examinations, and the first examiner reassessed around 20% of the sample, to evaluate inter- and intra-examiner reproducibility, respectively. Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and utility values were calculated for the methods alone and combined with visual inspection using two different strategies simultaneous and sequential combination.

A total of 834 proximal surfaces (51 adolescents) were included. Visual inspection presented higher reproducibility values (higher than 0.98). Moreover, visual inspection presented higher sensitivity (around 0.51) than those obtained with other diagnostic strategies (varying from 0.09 to 0.20) at the NC threshold. For CAV, visual inspection presented higher specificity (0.996) than the sequential association with adjunct methods (around 0.97), but with lower sensitivity. Accuracy and utility values for combined strategies were similar or lower than those achieved with the visual inspection performed alone.

Visual inspection alone performs better for detecting caries lesions in premolars and molars of adolescents than other diagnostic strategies.

The best diagnostic strategy for caries detection of proximal caries lesions in adolescents is the visual inspection alone.

The best diagnostic strategy for caries detection of proximal caries lesions in adolescents is the visual inspection alone.

This study evaluated the effect of milk supplemented with Lactobacillus rhamnosus SP1 on the occurrence of caries and the salivary concentration of human β-defensin-3 (hβD-3) in preschool children with high caries risk.

A sample of 42 children was randomly assigned to two groups; children in the intervention group were given 150 mL of milk supplemented with 10

CFU/mL of Lactobacillus rhamnosus SP1, while children in the control group were given standard milk, for 10 months. The occurrence of dental caries was assessed using the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS), and the concentration of hβD-3 was measured in unstimulated saliva using an ELISA test at baseline and after the intervention.

There was an increase in the number of teeth with carious lesions (d

mft) in the control group, and this increase was statistically significant (p = 0.0489). The concentration of hβD-3 in saliva from the intervention group decreased from 597.91 to 126.29 pg/mL (p = 0.0061), unlike in the control group, where no change in hβD-3 salivary concentration was found.

These findings showed that regular intake of probiotic-supplemented milk in preschool children with high caries risk decreased the occurrence of caries and the salivary levels of hβD-3.

Our results suggest the need for developing and implementing probiotic supplementation, as adjuvants to the conventional treatments for caries and allow to considerate the salivary levels of hβD-3 as markers of oral tissue homeostasis.

Our results suggest the need for developing and implementing probiotic supplementation, as adjuvants to the conventional treatments for caries and allow to considerate the salivary levels of hβD-3 as markers of oral tissue homeostasis.In this meta-analysis, we analyzed 9 cross-sectional studies for an association between type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and bone mineral density (BMD) in children. We found that BMD Z-scores were significantly reduced in children with T1DM.

Recent cross-sectional studies have examined how T1DM influences bone health in children and adolescents, but the relationship between T1DM and BMD remains unclear due to conflicting reports.

In this meta-analysis, we systematically searched PubMed, Cochrane library, and Web of Science databases (for publications through March 12, 2020), and calculated weight mean difference (WMD) along with 95% confidence intervals (CI) using a random-effects model. Heterogeneity was evaluated using the I

method. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to assess the quality of the included studies.

Data were analyzed from 9 eligible studies, including a total of 1522 children and adolescents. These data were tested for an association between T1DM and BMD. This analysis found a significant decrease in BMD Z-score in the whole body (pooled WMD, - 0.