Hoganaggerholm8133

Initial rectal temperatures varied greatly among the groups, but decreased in all groups as the immobilization progressed. In the pursued animals, heart rates and respiratory rates were initially elevated. All cats had moderate hypoxemia, hypocapnia, and metabolic acidosis. Intramuscular administration of naltrexone, atipamezole, and flumazenil resulted in rapid, uncomplicated recoveries. BMM is thus a safe, effective immobilizing drug combination for both captive and wild black-footed cats, but higher doses are required in wild animals. The capture methods exerted a greater influence on the physiology of the immobilized animals than did the doses of the drugs used. Although this drug combination can be used safely to immobilize black-footed cats, supplemental oxygen should always be available for use, especially in pursued animals due to hypoxia.A retrospective analysis of 40 extended (>2 hr) anesthetic events in eight lions (Panthera leo) and 32 tigers (Panthera tigris) was performed using a hierarchical linear growth curve model to assess the effects of anesthetic time, α-2 adrenoreceptor agonist dosages, administration of atipamezole, and biochemical parameters on rising plasma K+ concentrations. Hyperkalemia was first noted at a mean time of 187 min (range 131-226 min), with time under anesthesia as a statistically significant predictor of K+ concentration (P less then 0.0001). A significant two-way interaction between time and atipamezole administration (P = 0.0082) for rising K+ concentrations was demonstrated, indicating that administration of atipamezole can mitigate the rise in K+ concentrations. Administration of atipamezole beyond 150 min of anesthetic time was less effective in reducing K+ concentrations than if administered earlier. Electrocardiographic abnormalities were noted in eight animals, including three hyperkalemic individuals. Lions developed significantly greater plasma K+ concentrations than tigers (P = 0.0009) during anesthesia. No biochemical parameter was identified as a significant indicator of which individuals will develop hyperkalemia. Clinicians anesthetizing any large nondomestic felid should monitor electrolytes regularly during anesthetic events; consider early, partial- to full-dose reversal of α-2 agonists; and be prepared to correct potentially life-threatening electrocardiographic abnormalities resulting from hyperkalemia.Immersion in tricaine methanesulfonate (MS-222) is insufficient for euthanasia in at least one species of fish. The current study investigated the effectiveness of potassium chloride (KCl) to euthanize anesthetized koi (Cyprinus carpio). Twenty-eight healthy koi were anesthetized via immersion in 500 mg/L of buffered MS-222 for 10-12 min, manually removed to room air, and randomly administered 10 mEq/kg KCl (333 mg/ml) via one of three routes-intracardiac injection (IC) (n = 7), intracoelomic injection (ICe) (n = 7), or topical instillment over the gill filaments bilaterally (T) (n = 7)-or received no treatment (control, C) (n = 7). A Doppler ultrasonic flow detector was placed over the heart, and sounds were assessed continuously from immediately prior to treatment until 5 min posttreatment and every 5 min thereafter until Doppler sound cessation, resumption of operculation, or 30 min. Time to Doppler sound cessation or resumption of operculation was recorded. Doppler sound cessation occurred in 7/7 fish in IC (median 0.08, range 0-2.75 min) and 1/7 fish in T (10 min). In T, ICe, and C, 6/7, 7/7, and 7/7 fish, respectively, maintained Doppler sounds to 30 min. All fish in ICe (7/7) and C (7/7) resumed operculation with median (range) times of 22 (7-30) min and 16 (9-29) min from treatment, respectively. Intracardiac KCl at 10 mEq/kg rapidly ceases Doppler sounds and is a successful technique for euthanasia of anesthetized koi. Intracoelomic and topical KCl at 10 mEq/kg were not effective for euthanasia of koi.The housing of wild animals in managed care facilities requires attention to all aspects of husbandry. Diets of wild animals often differ in composition, consistency, and quantity when compared with those in managed care settings including zoos, rehabilitation facilities, and aquaria. It was hypothesized that dietary differences from wild versus managed care would be reflected in data of circulating fatty acids based on previous studies. The current study examined the effect of species and environment on fatty acid concentrations in two omnivorous species of chelonians Eastern box turtles, Terrapene carolina carolina, and common snapping turtles, Chelydra serpentina, located in the wild and managed care. Whole blood was collected and placed on spot cards for analysis of 26 fatty acids in a total lipid fatty acid profile. The present research indicated that Eastern box turtles have significantly (P less then 0.05) higher percentages of linoleic acid (182n6), eicosadienoic acid (202n6), and mead acid (203n9).in managed care, regardless of species.Population-based reference intervals (RIs) are vital tools used to characterize health and disease based on laboratory values. The science and statistical basis for RI generation have evolved over the past 50 yr. Current veterinary-specific guidelines by the American Society of Veterinary Clinical Pathology exist for establishing RIs from nondomestic and wild animals. A list of 35 items that should be included during generation and publication of reference data was distilled from the currently available RI guidelines. The archives of five peer-reviewed journals were searched and 106 articles presenting laboratory reference data from nondomestic or wildlife species were identified and each reviewed by two authors to determine compliance with the list of 35 items. A compliance score was calculated as the number of articles that fulfilled the item out of the number where it would have been appropriate to fulfill the item. Most articles reported the number of reference individuals (compliance score 0.98), their p). Additional attention to the science of and recommendations for RI generation is recommended to strengthen the utility of published data.

This study aimed to investigate performance, effectiveness, and safety of excimer laser atherectomy for the treatment of complex lower limb artery disease in a real-world setting.

In our prospective, multicenter registry, consecutive patients with complex lower limb lesions underwent excimer laser atherectomy with optional standard balloon angioplasty, paclitaxel-coated balloon angioplasty, and bailout stenting. Primary outcome was technical success. Secondary outcomes were device performance of the excimer laser system, freedom from target lesion revascularization (TLR), peri-procedural complications, and amputation-free survival in patients with critical limb ischemia (CLI).

A total of 294 patients were enrolled at 14 European centers (mean lesion length 109±103 mm, total occlusions 56.8% [167 of 294 lesions], CLI 47.3% [132 of 279 patients]. Adjuvant balloon angioplasty was conducted in 283 (96.3%), and complementary stent implantation in 98 patients (33.3%). Technical success was achieved in 95.3% of patients. Increasing lesion length was associated with decreased laser atherectomy performance (odds ratio [OR] per 10 mm 0.94 [95% confidence interval [CI] 0.90 to 0.99], P=0.01). A total of 66 patients (22.4%) completed the 12-month follow-up. Freedom from TLR was 83.5% (95% CI 74.9 to 92.1) at 12 months. Chronic total occlusions were associated with more TLR (OR 5.03 [95% CI 1.01 to 25.1], P=0.049). Amputation -free survival in patients with CLI was 93.1% (95% CI 83.9 to 100).

Excimer laser atherectomy substantially contributed to technical success of endovascular treatment of complex infra-inguinal lesions. Freedom from 12-month TLR was reasonable.

Excimer laser atherectomy substantially contributed to technical success of endovascular treatment of complex infra-inguinal lesions. Freedom from 12-month TLR was reasonable.

Resistance exercise provides an effective stimulus for improving the metabolic plasticity of skeletal muscle, and the type of acute muscle contraction plays an important role in determining specific responses and adaptations. The purpose of the current investigation was to examine the effect of contraction order on metabolic responses by comparing monophasic concentric and eccentric squats versus a protocol incorporating alternated concentric and eccentric repetitions.

Twelve recreationally active men (21.1±1.1yr) performed three nearly identical squat protocols on separate days. Protocols varied only with contraction-type, including 4 sets x 10 reps concentric-only (CON), eccentric-only (ECC), and BOTH which alternated 5 concentric followed by 5 eccentric reps (CON-ECC; sets 1 and 3) and vice versa (ECC-CON; sets 2 and 4). The experimental trials were performed once weekly in a randomized, counterbalanced order, and expired gases were collected using a two-way non-rebreathing mask and oxygen consumption sting paradigm regarding the contraction-dependent metabolic responses to monophasic resistance exercise and suggest a greater EPOC following concentric versus eccentric muscle actions.

The aim of this study was to compare cell integrity indicators according to the playing position in university indoor football athletes.

The sample consisted of 34 university athletes (20 female and 14 male). Dependent variables were cell integrity indicators total body water (TBW), intracellular water (ICW), extracellular water (ECW), ECW/ICW ratio, body cell mass (BCM), ECW/BCM ratio, phase angle (PhA), resistance (R), Xc (reactance) and impedance (Z), evaluated by the electrical bioimpedance method. Independent variable was the playing position goalkeeper (a), defender (a), winger (left and right) and pivot collected through questionnaire. Control variables were age, time of sport practice, participation in competitions per year and training load obtained by applying the anamnesis form, and body fat and fat and bone-free mass were obtained through dual emission X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Covariance analysis (ANCOVA) was used, with post-roc Tukey's test, to identify difference between groups, with p <0.05.

In the adjusted analysis, female athletes in the defense position had BCM values (31.1 ±2.1) higher than those in the wing position (25.8 ±1.1) (p <0.01). In males, pivots showed higher ICW values (31.47 ±0.77) when compared to defenders (25.7 ±0.8) (p = 0.02). this website In addition, goalkeepers had higher TBW values (52.7 ±2.5) compared to wingers (42.3 ±1.2) (p = 0.03).

Cell integrity indicators may vary according to the playing position in indoor football.

Cell integrity indicators may vary according to the playing position in indoor football.

Loss of balance control is commonly experienced by older individuals. Despite the large amount of research on the effects of exercise on balance the optimal exercise regime is yet to be identified. Most studies have concentrated on strength training due to associations between muscle weakness, balance disfunction and fall risk. The effects of gross-motor skill exercise for balance and postural control has been less investigated. The study aimed to compare the effectiveness of strength training (STT) and gross-motor skill exercise (GMT) on static postural control, dynamic functional balance and strength in healthy older individuals.

Thirty-eight individuals (65-85 years) participated to GMT or STT for 12 weeks, twice weekly. They were tested pre- and post-training for postural control (Romberg and Tandem positions on a force platform), dynamic functional balance (maximal walking speed in balance-challenging conditions), maximal isometric handgrip strength, maximal knee flexor and extensor strength.

Improvements were observed in static postural balance (tandem position, p<0.