Hodgesgustafsson9998

The final topic discussed is the synthesis of hybrid perovskites in which organic molecules are used to modify both structure and functions, which may include chemical stability, photovoltaics, and light emission. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.BACKGROUND High-quality abortion care requires pain be effectively managed, however practices differ, and available guidelines do not specify optimal strategies. OBJECTIVES To guide providers in effective pain management for second-trimester medical and surgical abortion. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched Pubmed, Cochrane, Embase databases and the US National Library of Medicine clinical trials registry through June 2019 and hand-searched reference lists. SELECTION CRITERIA Trials comparing pain management strategies to no treatment, placebo, or active interventions during induced medical or surgical abortion between 13 and 24 gestational weeks and reporting direct or indirect measures of pain. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Both authors summarized and systematically assessed evidence and risk of bias using standard tools. MAIN RESULTS We included seven medical and four surgical abortion studies, with 453 and 349 participants, respectively. Heterogeneity of interventions and outcomes prevented pooled analyses. Medical abortion women receiving routine or continuous epidural analgesia experienced mild pain. Prophylactic NSAIDs decreased pain (mean difference -0.5, p less then 0.001) and additional opioid requirements (3.5mg vs 7mg, p=0.04) compared to placebo/other treatment. Paracervical block was ineffective. No studies assessed IM/IV opioids or nonpharmacologic treatment. Surgical abortion general anesthesia/deep IV sedation alleviated pain. Nitrous oxide was ineffective. No studies assessed moderate IV sedation, IV/IM opioids, paracervical block without sedation, NSAIDs or nonpharmacologic treatment. CONCLUSIONS Based on limited data, regional analgesia and NSAIDs mitigated second-trimester medical abortion pain; general anesthesia/deep IV sedation alleviated surgical abortion pain. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.BACKGROUND The CAV1-CAV2 locus has been associated with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and intraocular pressure. However, its association with normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) was inconclusive. Therefore, we evaluated this association in Chinese and Japanese. METHODS Two single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs, rs4236601 and rs1052990) from previous genome-wide association studies of POAG were genotyped in a total of 2220 study subjects a Hong Kong Chinese cohort of 537 NTG patients and 490 controls, a Shantou Chinese cohort of 102 NTG and 731 controls and an Osaka Japanese cohort of 153 NTG and 207 controls. Subgroup analysis by gender was conducted. Outcomes from different cohorts were combined using meta-analysis. RESULTS SNP rs4236601 was significantly associated with NTG in the two Chinese cohorts (Pmeta = .0019, OR = 4.55, I2 = 0). In contrast, rs4236601 was monomorphic in the Osaka cohort. The association of rs1052990 was insignificant in a meta-analysis combining Chinese and Japanese cohorts (Pmeta = .81, OR = 1.05; I2 = 64%), and the OR tended towards opposite directions between Chinese (OR = 1.26) and Japanese (OR = 0.69). Gender-specific effects of the SNPs were not statistically significant in the logistic regression or Breslow-day tests of ORs (P > .05), although rs4236601 was significant in males (P = .0068; OR = 10.30) but not in females (P = .14; OR = 2.65) in the meta-analysis of Chinese subjects. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we confirmed the association of rs4236601 at the CAV1-CAV2 locus with NTG in Chinese. selleck products SNP rs4236601 is monomorphic, and rs1052990 tends towards a different direction in the Japanese cohort. Further studies are warranted to verify the ethnic difference and gender-specific effects of this locus. © 2020 Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Ophthalmologists.The prevalence of asymptomatic hydronephrosis, now detected by ultrasonography, has increased. However, definitive management guidelines for the management of congenital hydronephrosis have not been established. The Japanese Society of Pediatric Urology created a "medical management guide" based on new findings for physicians practicing pediatric urology. We developed a medical management guide focused on congenital hydronephrosis caused by ureteropelvic junction obstruction. This medical management guide consists of the definition, pathophysiology, epidemiology, diagnosis, classification, treatment using a clinical management algorithm of hydronephrosis and the long-term course of the disease. The aim of hydronephrosis management is to determine whether surgery should be carried out to avoid renal dysfunction, as there is a possibility for improvement without intervention. Ultrasonography is essential to make treatment decisions. Management is determined by a comprehensive assessment, including the degree of hydronephrosis, anterior-posterior diameter of the renal pelvis and, if necessary, a nuclear medicine evaluation of the status of urine drainage and renal function. © 2020 The Japanese Urological Association.AIM A social network, which is a set of people connected through socially meaningful relationships, is considered protective for neurocognitive disorders. Men and women have been found to have different opportunities for social participation and it is possible social networks do not form the same way. We hypothesized, male and female social networks would have different protective influences on cognitive function. METHODS The Korean Social Life, Health, and Aging Project, a cohort study involving health examination and social network survey among adults aged ≥60 years in South Korea was conducted from 2014 to 2015. In total, 501 participants (208 men and 293 women) were included in the study. Through face-to-face sessions, participants were asked to answer questionnaires about general characteristics, depressive symptoms, instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), social activity, cognitive function and social network variables (degree, betweenness, and closeness centrality and brokerage roles). Multiple linear regression models were used to investigate whether cognitive functions of men and women are differently influenced by their social networks, and path analysis was used to find the direct/indirect influence of social networks on cognitive function.