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rocess of these programs may enhance physicians' participation and engagement. © 2020 Müller et al.Introduction It is not possible to recover from chronic diseases; however, a healthy lifestyle and correct adherence to therapy can avoid complications and co-morbidities. The aim of this study was the cross-sectional evaluation, by means of a questionnaire, of real-world data on the prevalence of non-adherence to metformin and atorvastatin oral therapies in a sample of patients that attend community pharmacies in the Piedmont Region. The secondary aim was to evaluate the presence of correlations between non-adherence and a number of variables detected by the questionnaire. Materials and Methods Data were gathered from face-to-face interviews in six community pharmacies in Piedmont. The questionnaire was divided into two sections the first included the Morisky, Green and Levine Medication Adherence Questionnaire (MAQ) (to assess therapy adherence); the second included questions on gender, age, level of education and the pharmacy in which the questionnaire was administered. Comparisons between proportions and e prevalence and being the customer of a specific pharmacy should be performed. © 2020 Parente et al.Background Non-adherence to dialysis recommendations is common and associated with poor outcomes. We used data from a cohort of in-center hemodialysis patients to determine whether patients' reported difficulties with adherence were associated with achievement of clinical targets for treatment recommendations. Patients and Methods We included 799 in-center patients receiving hemodialysis from February 2010 to October 2016 at Emory Dialysis (Atlanta, GA, USA). Patient-reported difficulty with adherence (yes vs no) across multiple domains (coming to dialysis, completing dialysis sessions, fluid restrictions, diet restrictions, taking medications) was obtained from baseline social worker assessments. Achievement of clinical targets for coming to dialysis (missing ≥3 expected sessions), completing dialysis sessions (shortening >3 sessions by ≥15 min), fluid restrictions (mean interdialytic weight gain ≥3 kg), diet restrictions (mean potassium ≥5.0 mEq/L, mean phosphate >5.5 mg/dL), and taking medications (mean phng to dialysis were associated with failure to achieve clinical targets in our study, the general lack of agreement between reported difficulty with adherence and failure to achieve clinical targets highlights a gap that could be explored to develop and target educational interventions aimed at increasing adherence among dialysis patients. © 2020 Snyder et al.Purpose To examine the association and the mediating effect among medication beliefs, perception of illness, and medication adherence in ischemic stroke patients. Patients and Methods This is a cross-sectional study, 306 ischemic stroke patients recruited from The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, China between June 2018 and October 2018. read more The Beliefs about Medications Questionnaire (BMQ) was used to assess a patient's beliefs about medication. The Brief Illness Perceptions Questionnaire (BIPQ) was used to rapidly determine the cognitive and emotional representation of ischemic stroke. Self-reported adherence was assessed using the Medication Adherence Report Scale (MARS). Logistic regression analysis, Pearson correlations, and mediation analysis were used to evaluate the association and mediating effects among medication beliefs, perception of illness, and medication adherence. Results Overall, 220 (65.48%) participants were non-adherent to their ischemic stroke medications. Non-adherenrns about their ischemic stroke medications and the perception of the disease. © 2020 Ruksakulpiwat et al.Purpose Scientific research and public opinion polls indicate that the majority of patients and their families believe that members of the patients' family should be offered the opportunity to be present during CPR, at the moment of their loved one's death, and throughout all aspects of emergency care. link2 The study was designed to analyse the experiences and opinions of patients and family members towards Family Presence During Resuscitation (FPDR) in hospitals in Poland. Patients and Methods We conducted a survey related to FPDR among patients and their families during 5 months in 2017. That was preceded by a pilot study. We asked the patients and the people accompanying them to complete the questionnaire during admission to the hospital; 1000 questionnaires (500 patient responses and 500 family responses) were included in the analysis. Results Patients and their relatives more often wanted to be present during resuscitation of a loved one than they agreed to the presence of the family during their resuscitation. The vast majority of patients did not know the patient's rights regarding FPDR. 24.2% of patients and 29.2% of their relatives participated in the discussions on FPDR. link3 The interest in FPDR indicated 29.0% of patients and 27.6% of family members. Conclusion In our survey study, both patients and their family members had a negative attitude towards FPDR. Respondents (both patients and family members) had a low level of awareness that their potential to be present during CPR was included in the patient's rights. © 2020 Niemczyk et al.Background/Objectives Adherence is a major challenge in topical glaucoma therapy, particularly in an African context. We report a pilot study assessing adherence independently for the first time in an African context. Subjects/Methods Participants with newly diagnosed open-angle glaucoma received a weighed bottle of Lumigan 0.01% with counselling on therapy. The bottles were returned monthly for renewal and weighed on return to estimate drops taken during the period. Data collection was for one year with a short compliance questionnaire. Results 11 patients participated. 5 (45%) failed to complete one full year of topical therapy. The overall mean number of drops per eye per day was 1.74 (SD 0.69) for the 6 with one year of monthly returned bottles and controlled IOPs at each visit. Self-perception of compliance in these patients was good. Conclusion The signs of poor adherence based on both self-report (previous literature), and in this small-scale study of an objective measure suggest medication may not be the first-line treatment of choice in this environment. Our report does, however, raise the possibility that those patients who return for repeat prescriptions and review are indeed adhering to their treatment regimens. © 2020 Murdoch et al.Objective This study aimed to develop the ARMS-C and test its psychometric properties in hypertensive patients, to assess the level of medication adherence and to identify associated predictors for medication adherence and blood-pressure control among Chinese hypertensive patients. Methods Hypertensive elderly who met inclusion criteria were recruited from an aged-care facility in Henan Province between January 2019 and July 2019. The patients completed the adapted ARMS-C. The scale's factor structure, internal consistency, and construct validity were tested. Results Good internal consistency (Cronbach's α=0.89) and test-retest reliability (r=0.86, p30) were 115 times as likely to have blood pressure uncontrolled as those at level 1 (ARMS-10 scores less then 20,OR 115, 95% CI 9-1,470; p=0). Conclusion The ten-item ARMS-C is a reliable and valid self-reporting screening tool for adherence to medication and refills in elderly hypertensive Chinese patients. © 2020 Chen et al.Purpose Dysfunction of endothelial cells plays a key role in the pathogenesis of diabetic atherosclerosis. High glucose (HG) has been found as a key factor in the progression of diabetic complications, including atherosclerosis. PI3K/Akt/eNOS signaling pathway has been shown to involve in HG-induced vascular injuries. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been found to exhibit protective effects on HG-induced vascular injuries. Moreover, H2S activates PI3K/Akt/eNOS pathway in endothelial cells. Thus, the present study aimed to determine if H2S exerts protective effects against HG-induced injuries of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) via activating PI3K/Akt/eNOS signaling. Materials and Methods The endothelial protective effects of H2S were evaluated and compared to the controlled groups. Cell viability, cell migration and tube formation were determined by in vitro functional assays; protein levels were evaluated by Western blot assay and ELISA; cell apoptosis was determined by Hoechst 33258 nuclear staininus H2S protects endothelial cells against HG-induced injuries by activating PI3K/Akt/eNOS pathway. Based on the above findings, we proposed that reduced endogenous H2S levels and the subsequent PI3K/Akt/eNOS signaling impairment may be the important pathophysiological mechanism underlying hyperglycemia-induced vascular injuries. © 2020 Lin et al.Background Cefotetan is highly stable to penicillinase and cephalosporin produced by gram-negative bacteria, and it has strong antimicrobial activity against most gram-negative bacteria, some anaerobic bacteria and streptococcus. The objective of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetic profile and tolerability of single and multiple intravenous doses of cefotetan disodium in healthy Chinese volunteers. Methods In this single-center, open-label, dose-escalating study, subjects were randomized to receive a single dose of cefotetan disodium 0.5, 1.0, or 2.0 g administered as a 1 h intravenous infusion. After completion of the single-dose phase, subjects continued into the multiple-dose phase, in which they received 1.0 g cefotetan disodium BID for 7 consecutive days. Plasma samples were assayed by a validated high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated and analyzed statistically. Tolerability was assessed based on physical examinations33.28%; Accumulation Index was 1.17±0.05. No serious adverse events were reported. Adverse events were generally mild. Conclusion Cefotetan disodium showed favorable tolerability in this study. The Cmax and AUCs of cefotetan disodium demonstrated dose-dependent pharmacokinetic characteristics after single dose over a dose range (0.5-2.0 g) in healthy subjects, whereas the t1/2 was independent of dose. Except for Vd, there was no difference in other pharmacokinetic parameters between multiple and single administration. © 2020 Liu et al.Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has become a major public health issue. Meanwhile, renal fibrosis caused by diabetic nephropathy can lead to CKD, regardless of the initial injury. It has been previously reported that silibinin or valsartan could relieve the severity of renal fibrosis. However, the effect of silibinin in combination with valsartan on renal fibrosis remains unclear. Material and Methods Proximal tubular cells (HK-2) were treated with TGF-β1 (5 ng/mL) to mimic in vitro model of fibrosis. The proliferation of HK-2 cells was tested by CCK-8. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and inflammation-related gene and protein expressions in HK-2 cells were measured by qRT-PCR and Western-blot, respectively. ELISA was used to test the level of TNF-αNF-A. Additionally, HFD-induced renal fibrosis mice model was established to investigate the effect of silibinin in combination with valsartan on renal fibrosis in vivo. Results Silibinin significantly increased the anti-fibrosis effect of valsartan in TGF-β1-treated HK-2 cells via inhibition of TGF-β1 signaling pathway.