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Appropriate imaging is essential in the treatment of children and adolescents with rhabdomyosarcoma. For adequate stratification and optimal individualised local treatment utilising surgery and radiotherapy, high-quality imaging is crucial. The paediatric radiologist, therefore, is an essential member of the multi-disciplinary team providing clinical care and research. This manuscript presents the European rhabdomyosarcoma imaging guideline, based on the recently developed guideline of the European Paediatric Soft Tissue Sarcoma Study Group (EpSSG) Imaging Committee. This guideline was developed in collaboration between the EpSSG Imaging Committee, the Cooperative Weichteilsarkom Studiengruppe (CWS) Imaging Group, and the Oncology Task Force of the European Society of Paediatric Radiology (ESPR). MRI is recommended, at diagnosis and follow-up, for the evaluation of the primary tumour and its relationship to surrounding tissues, including assessment of neurovascular structures and loco-regional lymphadenopathy. Chest CT along with [F-18]2-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/CT or PET/MRI are recommended for the detection and evaluation of loco-regional and distant metastatic disease. Guidance on the estimation of treatment response, optimal long-term follow-up, technical imaging settings and standardised reporting are described. This European imaging guideline outlines the recommendations for imaging in children and adolescents with rhabdomyosarcoma, with the aim to harmonise imaging and to advance patient care.Fetal central nervous system MRI is a well-established method to complement a high-quality fetal ultrasound and to clarify sonographically detected abnormalities in complex pregnancies. However, there is still worldwide heterogeneity and confusion regarding the indications of fetal central nervous system MRI, which has roots in differences among countries regarding the performance of ultrasound examinations and legislation on pregnancy termination. The purpose of this article is to clarify the indications for fetal central nervous system MRI by focusing on the ultrasound findings that guide further investigation with MRI and highlight the strengths and the weaknesses of each modality on imaging the fetal central nervous system.Mitochondrial morphology varies according to development and the physiological conditions of the cell. Here, we performed electron tomography using serial sections to analyze the number, individual volume, and morphological complexity of mitochondria in the cells across two generations in the life cycle of the brown alga Mutimo cylindricus. This species shows a heteromorphic alternation of generations between the macroscopic gametophyte and the crustose sporophyte during its life cycle and displays anisogamous sexual reproduction. We observed the mitochondria in the vegetative cells of gametophytes and sporophytes to mainly show tubular or discoidal shapes with high morphological complexity. The morphology of the mitochondria in the male and female gametes changed to a nearly spherical or oval shape from a tubular or discoidal shape before release. In this species, degradation of the paternal mitochondria was observed in the zygote 2 h after fertilization. Morphological changes in the mitochondria were not observed until 6 h after fertilization. selleck chemicals Twenty-four-hour-old zygotes before and after cytokinesis showed a similar number of mitochondria as 6-h-old zygotes; however, the volume and morphological complexity increased. The results indicated that the maternal mitochondria did not undergo fission or fusion until this stage. Based on the analysis results of the number and total volume of mitochondria before and after the release of the gametes, it is possible that the mitochondria in the female gametes fuse immediately before release.

This study investigated the prevalence, individual courses, and determinants of fear of cancer recurrence (FoR) in long-term breast cancer survivors (BCSs) with and without recurrence.

A total of 184 breast cancer survivors were surveyed at four measurement time points during hospitalization (T1), 10weeks (T2), 40weeks (T3), and 5-6years (T4) after hospital discharge. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and logistic regression were performed.

Respondents were females and 57years old, on average. At T1, T3, and T4, 54.8%, 31.6%, and 29.7% of BCSs, respectively, were classified as having dysfunctional levels of FoR. Dysfunctional FoR decreased from T1 to T3 (χ

(1) = 17.11, p = 0.000; N = 163) and remained stable afterwards. Eight subgroups of individual courses of FoR over time could be described (1) constant functional FoR; (2) constant dysfunctional FoR; (3) improving from dysfunctional to functional FoR from T1 to T3; (4) improving from dysfunctional to functional FoR from T3 to T4; (5) worsening from functional to dysfunctional FoR from T1 to T3; (6) worsening from functional to dysfunctional FoR from T3 to T4; (7) dysfunctional FoR at T1 and T4, and functional FoR in between; and (8) functional FoR at T1 and T4, and dysfunctional FoR in between. Logistic regression analysis revealed that being divorced/widowed, showing high levels of fatigue, being treated by chemotherapy, and having low confidence in treatment were associated with dysfunctional FoR 5 to 6years after diagnosis (Nagelkerkes' Pseudo-R2 = 0.648).

The findings reveal that FoR is a significant issue in long-term BCSs and has the potential to become a persistent psychological strain. We emphasize the need for increased awareness of FoR among BCSs and the need for support programs.

The findings reveal that FoR is a significant issue in long-term BCSs and has the potential to become a persistent psychological strain. We emphasize the need for increased awareness of FoR among BCSs and the need for support programs.To compare the impact of transoral radiofrequency microsurgery (TRM) and radiotherapy (RT) on long-term swallowing function in patients with T1 glottic carcinoma. A total of 41 cases of T1 glottic carcinoma treated with TRM or RT alone more than 5 years ago were collected, including 17 cases treated with TRM (TRM group) and 24 cases treated with RT (RT group). The Chinese version of the Swallowing Quality-of-Life Questionnaire (CSWAL-QOL) and videofluoroscopic swallowing study results at the last follow-up (more than 5 years after TRM or RT) were assessed. The TRM group scored significantly better than the RT group on overall CSWAL-QOL, the Frequency score, and 6 out of 10 CSWAL-QOL dimensions. The RT group scored significantly better than the TRM group only on the Communication dimension. The dysphagia score (DS) and penetration-aspiration scale (PAS) score of the TRM group were better than those of the RT group. The overall CSWAL-QOL score, the Frequency score, DS, and PAS scores were not significantly different between patients who received conventional radiotherapy and patients who received intensity-modulated radiation therapy.