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Conclusion Our empirical study shows that the BIS includes a well-founded harm threshold combined with contextual information based on SD-M. We propose reconciling BIS and SD-M within the SOA as we believe this will improve paediatric decision-making. What is Known • Parents have wide discretion in deciding for their child in everyday life, while far-reaching treatment decisions should align with the child's best interest. • Shared decision-making harbours potential conflict between parental authority and a child's best interest. What is New • The best interest standard should not be used narrowly as a way of saying "Yes" or "No" to a specific action, but rather in a coherent framework and process which we term the shared optimum approach. • By supporting this child-centred and family-oriented process, shared decision-making becomes crucial in implementing the best interest standard.An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.Born as orthodox catholic in 1700 in Leyden, Gerard van Swieten was orphaned as a child in 1712. He studied medicine under Herman Boerhaave in Leyden from 1720, recording the lectures of his mentor and publishing them after his death. Following his graduation in 1715, van Swieten practiced medicine and pharmacy in Leyden, giving private lectures to students in both fields. Van Swieten became known as a brilliant doctor, and it was expected that he might succeed to Boerhaave's position after his death in 1738; however, his catholic faith was an obstacle for the protestant State University. These very beliefs, however, contributed to his instatement as the personal physician of the Austrian Empress Maria Theresia (1717-1780) in October 1744. In the summer of 1745 he was appointed physician to Maria Theresa in Vienna by Franz I. and at the same time appointed prefect of the court library. In addition to taking care of the library, other tasks he received from Maria Theresia included reformation of the medical faculty, improving the quality of Vienna's clinics and promoting healthcare in the empire. Van Swieten is seen as one of the founders of the so-called First Wiener Medical School (Erste Wiener Medizinische Schule) in 1745, and was at the founding of the first modern clinic in 1754. Van Swieten died June 18, 1772.

Individual orthodontic treatment duration is hard to predict. Individual biological factors are amongst factors influencing individual rate of orthodontically induced tooth movement (OTM). The study aim is to determine the rate of OTM by a novel 3D method and investigate parameters that may predict the rate of tooth movement.

In this prospective cohort study, rate of OTM was determined from 90 three-dimensional intra-oral scans in 15 patients (aged 12-15) undergoing orthodontic treatment. For each patient, intra-oral scans were taken every week for up to 6 weeks (T0-T5). The teeth were segmented from the scans and the scans were superimposed on the palatal rugae. The rate of OTM was calculated for each tooth. Other parameters were gingival inflammation, contact-point displacement and the biological markers, matrix metalloproteinases (MMP), MMP-9 and MMP-2 in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF).

Our study showed a high variation in the rate of OTM, varying from 0.15 to 1.24 mm/week. Teeth in the anterior segment tended to move more compared with the posterior segment. The contact point displacement and gingival inflammation varied greatly amongst the patients. The MMPs measured did not correlate with tooth movement. However, the gingival inflammation index showed a significant correlation with OTM. Future studies should include other biological markers related to bone-remodeling.

This novel and efficient 3D method is suitable for measuring OTM and showed large individual variation in rate of OTM.

Patients show different rates of OTM. The rate of OTM in an individual patient can provide guidance in timing of follow-up appointments.

Patients show different rates of OTM. The rate of OTM in an individual patient can provide guidance in timing of follow-up appointments.

To evaluate the safety and efficacy of BBG (Brilliant Blue G250) for lens capsular staining during cataract surgery with continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis.

Prospective clinical study.

This clinical trial enrolled 30 eyes of 30 patients who underwent cataract surgery with BBG (0.25mg/mL Brilliant Blue G250) for capsular staining. Visualization of the lens capsule and the ease of capsulorhexis with BBG staining were evaluated in five grades (grade 0 to 4) by the Independent Data Monitoring Committee and the surgeons. The safety of BBG was also evaluated in terms of ocular and systemic tolerance for 7days after surgery.

The use of BBG improved visualization of the lens capsule and complete capsulorhexis was performed in all patients. The major endpoint (Independent Data Monitoring Committee evaluation) showed that use of BBG improved visualization of the lens capsule and the ease of capsulorhexis (grades 2 to 4); the committee's grading results were similar to those of the surgeons. Frequent complications observed in more than two eyes were conjunctival injection, corneal edema and intraocular pressure elevation. No severe complications were observed in ocular and systemic evaluations.

BBG staining contributed to improved visualization of the lens capsule and aided in the completion of capsulorhexis during cataract surgery. The use of BBG for capsular staining also exhibited favorable safety results.

BBG staining contributed to improved visualization of the lens capsule and aided in the completion of capsulorhexis during cataract surgery. The use of BBG for capsular staining also exhibited favorable safety results.People living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH) has been reported to have a high prevalence of depressive symptoms. Low-income populations account for a large proportion of PLWH, hence indicating a high level of depressive symptoms in low-income PLWH. Telephone-based therapy has been shown to be effective for treating PLWH's depressive symptoms, but its effects among low-income PLWH remain unclear. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the effects of telephone-based therapy targeting depressive symptoms among low-income PLWH. selleck Six databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, VIP Database and Wanfang Data) were searched until May 2020 using search terms related to telephone-based therapy, depressive symptoms, and PLWH. Eight studies were included in the meta-analysis. Both postintervention effects (primary outcome) and long-term effects (secondary outcome) were evaluated using a random effects model. The meta-analysis revealed a small to moderate effect size (ĝ = - 0.