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001). CONCLUSION We found that rituximab had a significant effect on the peritoneal thickness, total fibrosis, TGF-ß1 and VGEF scores which were induced by CG.I have written my reflections on an article published in the Feb 2019 issue of T.J.M.S (Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences) as a letter to the Editor category manuscript (Comment on Which nostril should be used for nasotracheal intubation with Airtraq NT® the right or left?). I have submitted the manuscript on the website of the journal. I request the Editor-in-Chief of T.J.M.S to consider it for possible publication in the esteemed journal T.J.M.S.BACKGROUND/AIM Although many techniques have been described until today, male sling operation and artificial urinary sphincter implantation are common methods for treating urinary incontinence. But there are some handicaps with these methods such as infection, urethral erosion, pain, inefficiency and technical difficulties of operations. We described a new device named Turkish Continence Device (TCD) which had some advantage over the other methods. The aim of this study to experiment the prototype of TCD in vivo and ex vivo in terms of its efficiency, convenience of implantation and negative effects. MATERIALS AND METHODS We implanted prototype device in male goats and sheep for compressing posterior urethra and fixed it by sutures on lateral sides of cavernosal bodies bilaterally. Than we obtain some urodynamic findings and urinary imaging. Additionally we measured urethral closure pressure ex vivo. RESULTS New device's balloon volume for efficient urethral closure pressure was under 1 ml. It compresses urethra towards corpus cavernosum perfectly because the prototype device's wings fixed so near place, tunica of cavernosal bodies on each side. CONCLUSION Therefore a smaller device with small arms/wings would be efficient for obtaining enough pressure on urethra. Additionally the technique for implanting the device is very easy and learning curve of the operation would be very short probably.BACKGROUND/AIM Critically ill patients are at risk of developing gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding due to stress causing mucosal damage. Aim of the study was to determine the effect of oral/ enteral nutrition with or without concomitant pantoprazole on upper GI bleeding in low risk critically ill patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a prospective, randomized, open-label, multicenter study conducted with intensive care unit (ICU) patients receiving oral/enteral nutritional support. Patients were randomly assigned into two groups including intervention group (received oral/EN plus pantoprazole) and control group (received only oral/EN). RESULTS A total of 300 patients (intervention group 152, control group 148) participated in the study. Overall, 226 (75 %) patients were fed by oral and 74 (25%) patients fed by enteral tube. Median duration of nutritional support 4 (range 2-33) days. Overt upper GI bleeding was noted only in one patient (0.65%) who was in the intervention group. The overall length of ICU stay of 4 (2-105) days, while ICU stay was significantly longer in the intervention group than in the control group (p=0.006). CONCLUSIONS Our findings seems to indicate that in patients who are at low risk for GI bleeding and under oral/enteral nutritional support, the use of PPIs may not reduce the risk of bleeding, however these results are imprecise because of low event (GI bleeding) rate and limited power.AIM To investigate the effect of intravitreal golimumab on rabbit retina histopathology. METHODS Sixteen albino New Zealand rabbits were divided into three groups. JAK inhibitor The right eye of each rabbit in groups I, II, and III received a single intravitreal injection of 5 mg/0.05 ml (6 eyes), 10 mg/0.1 ml (6 eyes) or 20 mg/0.2 ml (4 eyes) golimumab, while left eyes served as controls with the same volume of a balanced salt solution injection. All animals were examined using slit-lamp biomicroscopy and indirect ophthalmoscopy before and after intravitreal injection and at days 1 and 7. Animals were euthanized on day 7 and the eyes were enucleated for immunohistochemistry evaluation and electron microscopic examination of the retinas. RESULTS For groups I, II, and III, the number of cells in the outer nuclear layer and the inner nuclear layer was decreased compared to those in the control groups. In group I, the percentage of caspase-3 staining of the outer nuclear layer was significantly higher than that in the control. For groups II and III, TUNEL and caspase-3 staining percentages in the outer and inner nuclear layers were found to be significantly higher than those for the control groups. In the ganglion cell layer, for groups I, II, and III, neither TUNEL nor caspase-3 staining percentages showed any significant difference between two groups. No significant dose-dependent relationship was found for increasing doses of golimumab in all layers. Myelin figures and karyorrhexis in the photoreceptor cells were prominent in electron microscopy of the golimumab injected eyes. CONCLUSION Golimumab caused apoptosis in both photoreceptors and bipolar cells of the rabbit retina. Potential retinal toxicity of intravitreal golimumab should be considered if an intravitreal administration is planned.BACKGROUND/AIM H. pylori has been found to be related to certain dermatological diseases. However, there is no data as yet to propose an association between H. pylori and pityriasis versicolor. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the association between H. pylori and pityriasis versicolor. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a prospective study performed in the Gastroenterology and Dermatology and Venereology departments of the Health Sciences University, Ankara Training and Research Center. A total of 57 consecutive patients (27 pityriasis versicolor, 30 telogen effluvium) were enrolled from the department of Dermatology and Venereology. All patients were screened for H. pylori IgG and CagA. In addition, urea breath test was carried out to detect the existence of H. pylori infection. RESULTS There were significantly higher rates of H.pylori pozitivitiy, H. pylori IgG in serum in the pityriasis versicolor group compared to the telogen effluvium group (p less then 0.05). In addition, the number of patients with dyspeptic complaints was higher in the pityriasis versicolor group than in the telogen effluvium group.