Higginsriise7269

70 μg/m3, respectively. During the lockdown and unlock phases, BC decreased up to 78% compared to the PL period. The BC source apportionment studies show that fossil fuel burning was the dominant BC source during the entire sampling period. From L1 to UN2 an increasing trend in BCff contribution was observed (except L3) due to the successive relaxations given to anthropogenic activities. BCff contribution dipped briefly during L3 due to the intensive crop residue burning events in neighboring states. CWT analysis showed that local emission sources were the dominant contributors to BC concentration over Delhi.Benzotriazole (BT) is a corrosion inhibitor widely distributed in aquatic environments. Little is known about the cometabolic capacity of stabilized nitrifying sludge to biotransform BT. The contribution of the nitrification process in the simultaneous oxidation of ammonium and biotransformation of BT (5 mg/L) was evaluated in 49 d batch cultures inoculated with a sludge produced in steady-state nitrification. The nitrifying sludge could consume BT in the obligate presence of ammonium. A higher cometabolic biotransformation capacity was obtained by increasing the initial ammonium concentration (100-300 mg N/L), reaching 2.3- and 5.8-fold increases for efficiency and specific rate of BT removal. At 300 mg NH4+-N/L, the sludge biotransform 40.8% of BT and 77.6% of ammonium which was completely oxidized into nitrate. In assays with allylthiourea added as specific inhibitor of ammonium monooxygenase (AMO), it was shown that the totality of BT cometabolic biotransformation was associated with the AMO activity. The addition of acetate did not favor heterotrophic biotransformation of BT. BT provoked inhibitory effects on nitrification. This is the first study showing the role of ammonium oxidizing bacteria in the cometabolic biotransformation of BT and their potential use for cometabolism application in treatment of wastewater contaminated with ammonium and BT.Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is produced in nature and is known to be a source of carbon and sulfur for marine microorganisms. It is currently used in many biological experiments, pharmaceutical preparations, and energy-producing systems such as lithium batteries. Therefore, the toxicity of DMSO has been studied because of its various implications to living organisms; however, such studies are largely limited to measuring individual toxicity whereas the combined toxicity of DMSO with other compounds has rarely been investigated. In the present study, the combined acute toxicity of 0.1% and 0.5% DMSO with vanadium was investigated in zebrafish embryos; the LC50 values of these combinations were 62.0 and 6.38 ppm, respectively. In individual toxicity tests, neither DMSO nor vanadium caused such mortality levels. Therefore, both 0.1% and 0.5% DMSO had a synergistic effect with vanadium, and this result was confirmed using an independent action model. This combined toxicity delayed the development of zebrafish embryos and caused pericardial edema. The synergistic effect of DMSO and vanadium was found to be related to reduced pH and inhibition of cytochrome c oxidase activity. Given its potential synergistic toxicity to aquatic organisms, the introduction of DMSO into the environment should be investigated and routinely monitored.Mercury (Hg) is a persistent pollutant that accumulates in aquatic animals. However, studies related to understand how gonad tissue of this species responds to mercury exposure and elucidation of mercury bioaccumulation in crustacean offspring by cross-generational, are still sparse. The present study aimed to assess the bioaccumulation of Hg2+in vivo in prawn offspring by a specific aggregation-induced emission fluorogen (AIEgen). The 96 h median lethal concentration (LC50) values of mercury to the juveniles were 0.072 mg/L. Hg2+ reduced growth performance, damaged oocyte quality, and inhibited ovary maturation, thus inhibiting gonadal maturation in intact prawns. F1 offspring were exposed to Hg2+ by direct transfer from their F0 parents, as shown by the distribution of mercury in gonads and fertilized eggs. In the medium containing oriental river prawn larvae, the Hg2+ concentration decreased rapidly, indicating fast initial larval uptake of Hg2+. Due to metal ion triggered AIE activity, analysis of fluorescence images showed that prawn offspring accumulated Hg2+ via maternal transfer, and there was a relationship among the photoluminescence intensity, the AIEgen concentration, and mercury levels. The quantitative detection of Hg2+ absorption from prawn larvae by the AIEgen represents a novel analytical technique to understand the dynamics of Hg2+ between maternal and offspring.

Millions of tons of CO

are stored in CO

geological storage (CGS) formations (depleted oil reservoirs and deep saline aquifers) every year. These CGS formations naturally contain small concentrations of water-soluble organic components in particular humic acid (HA), which may drastically affect the rock wettability - a significant factor determining storage capacities and containment security. Hence, it is essential to characterise the effect of humic acid concentration on CO

-wettability and its associated impact on storage capacity.

To achieve this, we measured advancing and receding contact angles at reservoir conditions using the pendant drop tilted plate method for various humic acid concentrations (1, 10, and 100mg/L) as a function of pressure (0.1-25MPa), temperature (303-333K), and brine salinity (0-0.3M NaCl). Further, the influence of humic acid adsorption on the mineral's surface was examined by several independent techniques.

Our results demonstrate that humic acid significantly changes account for these humic acid concentrations to de-risk CGS projects.Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) nanocomposites are under the limelight due to their unique electronic, optical, and surface properties for various applications. Plasmonic MOFs enabled by noble metal nanostructures are an emerging class of MOF nanocomposites with efficient solar light-harvesting capability. However, major concerns such as poor photostability, sophisticated synthesis processes, and high fabrication cost are raised. GSK J4 Here, we develop a novel plasmonic MOF nanocomposite consisting of the ultra-thin degenerately doped molybdenum oxide core and the flexible iron MOF (FeMOF) shell through a hydrothermal growth, featuring low cost, facile synthesis, and non-toxicity. More importantly, the incorporation of plasmonic oxides in the highly porous MOF structure enhances the visible light absorbability, demonstrating improved photobleaching performances of various azo and non-azo dyes compared to that of pure FeMOF without the incorporation of oxidative agents. Furthermore, the nanocomposite exhibits enhanced sensitivity and selectivity towards NO2 gas at room temperature, attributed to the electron-rich surface of plasmonic oxides.