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iation can reflect the early condition of tissue inflammation after the soft tissue is irradiated, and the values have a certain correlation with the degree of radiofibrosis of the soft tissue in the later period and may be used as an index to predict radiofibrosis.Breast cancer is a common malignant tumor in women, with a highest incidence and mortality among all of the female malignant tumors. Notably, targeted therapy has achieved impressive success in the treatment of breast cancer. As one class of the anti-tumor targeted therapeutics, Cyclin-Dependent Kinases 4/6CDK4/6inhibitors have shown good clinical activity in treating breast cancer. Nevertheless, despite the promising clinical outcomes, intrinsic or acquired resistance to CDK4/6 inhibitors has limited the benefits of this novel target therapy. In the present review, we provide an overview of the currently known molecular mechanisms of resistance to CDK4/6 inhibitors, and discuss the potential strategies to overcoming drug resistance improving the outcomes for breast cancer patients treated with CDK4/6 inhibitors.Portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT) is one of the most serious forms of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) vessel metastasis and has a poor survival rate. However, the molecular mechanism of PVTT has not yet been elucidated. In this study, the molecular mechanism of AXL expressed in tumor-derived endothelial cells (TECs) in vessel metastasis was investigated. High AXL expression was observed in TECs, but not in the tumor cells of HCC patients with PVTT and this was associated with poor overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). AXL overexpression was positively associated with CD 31 expression both in vitro and in vivo. AXL promoted the cell proliferation, tube formation, and migration of both TECs and normal endothelial cells (NECs). High expression of AXL in TECs promoted the cell migration, but not the proliferation of HCC cells. Further studies demonstrated that AXL promoted cell migration and tube formation through activation of the PI3K/AKT/SOX2/DKK-1 axis. AXL overexpression in HUVECs promoted tumor growth and liver or vessel metastasis of HCC in xenograft nude mice, which could be counteracted by treatment with R428, an AXL inhibitor. R428 reduced tumor growth and CD 31 expression in HCC in PDX xenograft nude mice. Therefore, AXL over-expression in TECs promotes vessel metastasis of HCC, which indicates that AXL in TECs could be a potential therapeutic target in HCC patients with PVTT.

To assess the relationship between different doses of radiation and lung density changes and to determine the ability of this correlation to identify esophageal cancer (EC) patients who develop radiation pneumonitis (RP) and the occurrence time of RP.

A planning computed tomography (CT) scan and a re-planning CT scan were retrospectively collected under institutional review board approval for each of 103 thoracic segment EC patients who underwent radiotherapy (RT). The isodose curve was established on the planning CT with an interval of 5 Gy, which was used as the standard for dividing different gradient doses. Planning CT and re-planning CT scans were matched and the mean lung CT value (HU) between different doses gradients was automatically obtained by the software system. The density change value (ΔHU) was the difference of CT value between each dose gradient before and after treatment. The correlation between ΔHU and the corresponding dose was calculated, as well as the regression coefficients. Additih low correlation coefficient. ΔHU were obvious after irradiation with dose ≥20 Gy which was closely related to the occurrence of RP. For patients with RP, the more obvious ΔHU, the earlier the occurrence of RP, there was a significant negative correlation between them.

A relationship between radiation dose and lung density changes was observed. For most dose intervals, there was an increase of ΔHU with an increased radiation dose, although low correlation coefficient. ΔHU were obvious after irradiation with dose ≥20 Gy which was closely related to the occurrence of RP. For patients with RP, the more obvious ΔHU, the earlier the occurrence of RP, there was a significant negative correlation between them.The common gamma receptor-dependent cytokines and their JAK-STAT pathways play important roles in T cell immunity and have been demonstrated to be related with response to immune checkpoint blockades (ICBs). PTPRD and PTPRT are phosphatases involved in JAK-STAT pathway. However, their clinical significance for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with ICBs is still unclear. Genomic and survival data of NSCLC patients administrated with anti-PD-1/PD-L1 or anti-CTLA-4 antibodies (Rizvi2015; Hellmann2018; Rizvi2018 Samstein2019) were retrieved from publicly accessible data. Genomic, survival and mRNA data of 1007 patients with NSCLC were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). PTPRD/PTPRT mutation was significantly associated with better progression-free survival (PFS) in three independent Rizvi2015, Hellmann2018 and Rizvi2018 cohorts. The median PFS for PTPRD/PTPRT mutant-type vs. wild-type NSCLC patients were not reached vs. 6.3 months (Rizvi2015, HR = 0.16; 95% CI, 0.02-1.17; P=0.03), 24.0 vs. 5.4 further confirmed in future.Objective We screened the TNBC stem cells using phage display (PD) and acquired the specific binding clones; and then the positive phage DNAs were amplified and extracted, synthesized with specific polypeptides, and labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC). Finally, we identified the specificity of the polypeptides in vitro and in vivo. Methods Human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 and human mammary gland cell line hs578bst were chosen in our study, and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) were cultured and identified by flow cytometry. The phage peptide library was screened using MDA-MB-231 BCSCs, the positive phage clones were identified by ELISA, and the DNA of the positive phages was extracted and sent to a biotechnology company for sequencing. learn more According to the sequencing results, a specific polypeptide was synthesized and labeled with FITC. In the end, the specificity of a polypeptide to BCSCs was identified in vivo and in vitro. Results The MDA-MB-231 BCSCs were cultured and enriched with the "serum and serum-free alternate" method.