Hicksguerrero8897

Introduction Giant slalom is the core discipline of alpine skiing, and each race has its own specific course and terrain characteristics. EGFR assay These variations may explain differences in the speed and time per turn profiles, which are essential for performance development and injury prevention. This study aims to address the differences in course setting and steepness of the different course sections (flat-medium-steep) and compare them to the performance parameters among young (U12, U14, U16) and older (U18, U21, elite) male athletes. Methods The study examined a total sample size of 57 male athletes; 7 from elite level, 11 from U21, 13 from U18, 6 from U16, 13 from U14, and 7 from U12. The athletes wore a portable global navigation satellite system (GNSS) sensor to extract performance parameters. The course profiles and gate positions of nine runs were measured with differential GNSS. The runs were divided into flat, medium and steep sections. From the performance parameters (speed, time per turn, etc.) and the course setting variables, the mean value per section was calculated and used for the further analysis. Results In total, 192 run sections from 88 runs were recorded and analyzed. Comparisons between course settings in young and older classes showed no significant differences. However, the turning angles and horizontal gate distances were smaller in flat sections. Average speed (49.77 vs. 65.33 km/h) and time per turn (1.74 vs. 1.41 s) differed significantly between young and U21/elite categories. In medium terrain sections U21 and elite athletes spent more time in the gliding phase compared to all other athletes. Discussion It seems to be a reasonable that, given similar course setting and steepness, speed increases concurrently with the technical and tactical skills of the athlete. Moreover, the finding that the elite athletes spent more time in the gliding phase could be crucial for understanding technique and performance development in young athletes.Background Altitude training stresses several physiological and metabolic processes and alters the dietary needs of the athletes. International Olympic Committee (IOC)'s Nutrition Expert Group suggests that athletes should increase intake of energy, carbohydrate, iron, fluid, and antioxidant-rich foods while training at altitude. Objective We investigated whether athletes adjust their dietary intake according to the IOC's altitude-specific dietary recommendations, and whether an in-between meal intervention with antioxidant-rich foods altered the athletes' dietary composition and nutrition-related blood parameters (mineral, vitamin, carotenoid, and hormone concentrations). Design The dietary adjustments to altitude training (3 weeks at 2,320 m) were determined for 31 elite endurance athletes (23 ± 5 years, 23 males, 8 females) by six interviewer-administered 24-h dietary recalls on non-consecutive days; three before and during the altitude camp. The additional effect of in -between meal intervention with eucathe carotenoid; zeaxanthin, which increased more in the intervention group (p less then 0.001). Conclusions Experienced elite endurance athletes increased their daily energy, carbohydrate, iron, fluid, and antioxidant-rich food intake during a 3-week training camp at moderate altitude meeting most of the altitude-specific dietary recommendations. The intervention with antioxidant-rich snacks improved the composition of the athletes' diets but had minimal impact on the measured nutrition-related blood parameters. Clinical Trial Registry Number NCT03088891 (www.clinicaltrials.gov), Norwegian registry number 626539 (https//rekportalen.no/).Among the various psychological determinants of physical activity (PA) in early childhood, relatively little attention has been paid to the role of parent beliefs in the benefits of PA for their child. Believing that PA is beneficial may impact parent behavior, resulting in more opportunities for PA in early childhood, particularly among children with neurodevelopmental disabilities (NDs) who may face more barriers to PA. Greater opportunity for PA may promote the development of motor skills and healthy body composition. This study examined the association between parental beliefs about PA and children's weight status in a sample of 147 children (32 ± 4 months old) with NDs. The proportion of parents with below average (mean - 1SD) perceptions of the benefits of PA whose children were overweight or obese was approximately was 2.5 times (proportion ratio, 2.35; 95% CI, 1.05-5.27) larger than it was for parents with above average (mean + 1SD) perceptions (after adjusting for the confounding effects of ethnicity, marital status, and mothers' self-reported depressive symptoms). Mothers' self-reported depressive symptoms was the only other covariate that was significantly associated with the weight status of these children, though, these data also signal possible (p = 0.07) differences in proportions between Hispanic/Latinx and White children in the sample who were classified as overweight and obese. Our study demonstrates the importance of considering parental or caregiver beliefs in the value of PA as another risk factor that may predict risk for overweight and obesity. Future studies should include parental beliefs in the benefits of PA as a potential psychological determinant of PA and associated health outcomes.Purpose To examine the development of performance, physiological and technical capacities as well as the effect of sport background among runners, kayakers and rowers when transferred to cross-country (XC) skiing over a 6-month training period. Methods Twenty-four endurance athletes (15 runners and 9 rowers/kayakers; 15 men and 9 women) were tested for performance, physiological and technical capacities during treadmill running and roller-ski skating, double-poling ergometry, as well as upper-body, one-repetition maximum-strength (1 RM) at baseline (pre) after three (mid) and 6-months (post) of XC ski-specific training. Results Peak treadmill speed when roller-ski skating improved significantly (13%, P less then 0.01) from pre-post, with a larger improvement in runners than in kayakers/rowers (16 vs. 9%, P less then 0.05), whereas peak speed in running was unchanged. Average power output during 5-min and 30-s ergometer double-poling tests improved by 8% and 5% (both P less then 0.01), with improvement found only in runners on the 30-s test (8 vs.