Hewittroed7044

Xylooligosaccharides (XOS) have gained considerable attention worldwide as prebiotics due to their immune-strengthening activity and beneficial gut bacteria development and can be produced from xylan-rich resources by acid hydrolysis. The present study proved the organic acid hydrolysis to be beneficial for XOS yield. In this study, a recyclable and separable organic acid, i.e., furoic acid, was used for hydrolyzing xylan to produce XOS, and the response surface methodology design was applied to maximize the XOS yield; the results indicated that the quadratic model terms of the interaction between reaction temperature and hydrolysis time showed the most significant impact on XOS yields (P less then 0.05). The predicted maximum yield of XOS was 49.0% with 1.2% furoic acid at 167°C for 33 min, being close to the experimental value (49.2%), indicating that the fitted models were in good agreement with the experimental results. Meanwhile, the primary byproducts, including xylose and furfural, were concurrently bio-oxidized into xylonic acid and furoic acid by Gluconobacter oxydans and separated by electrodialysis. Subsequently, the furoic acid with low solubility ( less then 3.7%, 25°C) was recovered by natural crystallization. The above results indicate that the use of multi-steps contributes to sustainable XOS production by furoic acid.Electron donor scarcity is seen as one of the major issues limiting economic production of medium-chain carboxylates from waste streams. Previous studies suggest that co-fermentation of hydrogen in microbial communities that realize chain elongation relieves this limitation. Tamoxifen To better understand how hydrogen co-feeding can support chain elongation, we enriched three different microbial communities from anaerobic reactors (A, B, and C with ascending levels of diversity) for their ability to produce medium-chain carboxylates from conventional electron donors (lactate or ethanol) or from hydrogen. In the presence of abundant acetate and CO2, the effects of different abiotic parameters (pH values in acidic to neutral range, initial acetate concentration, and presence of chemical methanogenesis inhibitors) were tested along with the enrichment. The presence of hydrogen facilitated production of butyrate by all communities and improved production of i-butyrate and caproate by the two most diverse communities (B andalong with conventional electron donors can greatly improve selectivity to caproate in complex communities. The lessons learned can help design continuous hydrogen-aided chain elongation bioprocesses.Ivabradine hydrochloride (IVR) is a medically important drug because of its ability to lower the heart rate. Techniques reported for IVR determination were expensive, laborious, besides being of poor selectivity. In this study, iron oxide @ carbon nanotube (Fe2O3@MWCNTs) nanocomposite and molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) were synthesized and used in the fabrication of carbon paste electrodes (CPEs) for the potentiometric detection of IVR in biological and pharmaceutical samples. CPEs of the best sensor were formulated from graphite (41 wt%) as a carbon source, MIP (3 wt.%) as an ionophore, Fe2O3@MWCNTs (5 wt%) as a modifier, and nitrophenyl octyl ether (NPOE, 51 wt.%) as a conductive oil so-called plasticizer. The best sensor exhibits a Nernstian slope (response) of 56 mV decade-1 within the IVR concentration range from 1.0 × 10-3 M to 9.8 × 10-8 M with high selectivity against interfering species (ascorbic, maltose, glucose, lactose, dopamine, glycine) over those reported earlier. The use of Fe2O3@MWCNTs together with MIP in the electrode formulation was found to improve the limit of detection (LOD) from 630 to 98 nM along with high reversibility, a short response time of 30 s, and a good lifetime of more than 2 weeks. The sandwich membrane (SMM) method was used to quantify the H-bonding complexing strength of the MIP binding sites for IVR with Log β ILn = 11.33. The constructed sensors were successfully applied for the IVR determination in blood serum, urine, and commercial formulations (Savapran®) with high sensitivity.Alkyl glycosides and sugars esters are non-ionic surfactants of interest for various applications (cosmetics, food, detergency,…). In the present study, xylans and cellulose from wheat bran were enzymatically converted into pentyl xylosides and glucose and xylose laurate monoesters. Transglycosylation reaction catalyzed by the commercial enzymatic cocktail Cellic Ctec2 in the presence of pentanol led to the synthesis of pentyl β-D-xylosides from DP1 to 3 with an overall yield of 520 mg/g of xylans present in wheat bran. Enzymatic hydrolysis of wheat bran with Cellic Ctec2 and subsequent acylation of the recovered D-glucose and D-xylose catalyzed by the commercial lipase N435 in the presence of lauric acid or methyl laurate produced one D-glucose laurate monoester and one D-xylose laurate monoester. An integrated approach combining transglycosylation and (trans)esterification reactions was successfully developed to produce both pentyl xylosides and D-glucose and D-xylose laurate esters from the same batch of wheat bran.Due to the threat posed by the rapid growth in the resistance of microbial species to antibiotics, there is an urgent need to develop novel materials for biomedical applications capable of providing antibacterial properties without the use of such drugs. Bone healing represents one of the applications with the highest risk of postoperative infections, with potential serious complications in case of bacterial contaminations. Therefore, tissue engineering approaches aiming at the regeneration of bone tissue should be based on the use of materials possessing antibacterial properties alongside with biological and functional characteristics. In this study, we investigated the combination of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) with a novel antimicrobial hydroxyapatite (HA) containing selenium and strontium. Strontium was chosen for its well-known osteoinductive properties, while selenium is an emerging element investigated for its multi-functional activity as an antimicrobial and anticancer agent. Successful incorporation of such ions in the HA structure was obtained.