Herskindbrantley1009

Objective The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-producing bacteria (GPB) on in vitro rumen fermentation and on the growth performance and meat quality of Hanwoo steer. Methods The effects of GPB (Lactobacillus brevis YM 3-30)-produced and commercially available GABA were investigated using in vitro rumen fermentation. Using soybean meal as a substrate, either GPB-produced or commercially available GABA were added to the in vitro rumen fermentation bottles, as follows no additive (Control), 2 g/L GPB (T1), 5 g/L GPB (T2), 2 g/L autoclaved GPB (T3), 5 g/L autoclaved GPB (T4), 2 g/L GABA (T5), and 5 g/L GABA (T6). In addition, 27 Hanwoo steers (602.06 ± 10.13 kg) were subjected to a 129-day feeding trial, during which they were fed daily with a commercially available total mixed ration that was supplemented with different amounts of GPB-produced GABA ((no additive (Control), 2 g/L GPB (T1), 5 g/L GPB (T2)). The degree of marbling was assessed using the nine-point beef marbling standard while endotoxin was analyzed using a Chromo-LAL (Limulus amebocyte lysate) test. Results In regards to in vitro rumen fermentation, the addition of GPB-produced GABA failed to significantly affect pH or total gas production but did increase the ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) concentration (P less then 0.05) and reduce total biogenic amines (P less then 0.05). Animals fed the GPB-produced GABA diet exhibited significantly lower levels of blood endotoxins than control animals and yielded comparable average daily gain, feed conversion ratio, and beef marbling scores. Conclusion The addition of GPB improved in vitro fermentation by reducing biogenic amine production and by increasing both antioxidant activity and NH3-N production. Moreover, it also reduced the blood endotoxin levels of Hanwoo steers.Objective This study aimed to evaluate and compare the effects of three different diets on the fatty acid (FA) profile and sensory properties of a characteristic Italian fresh cheese Pecorino "Primo Sale" (PS). Methods Fifty-four sheep were divided into three feeding groups total mixed ration (TMR) enriched with extruded linseed (TL), control diet with TMR without any integration (TC), and pasture (P). During cheese production, six cheeses per experimental group were produced each week, stored for 10 days at 4°C, and then analyzed for chemical composition, FA profile, and sensory properties. Results Saturated fatty acids (SFA) were significantly higher in PS from group TC (82.11%) than in cheese from other two groups (P 75.48% and TL 66.83%). TL and P groups presented higher values of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), 4.35 and 3.65%, respectively, than that of TC group (2.31%). The lowest SFA/UFA ratio was found in TL and P groups, while the highest was found in the TC group. Vaccenic acid and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) were higher in group P (p less then 0.05) than in groups L and TC. Sensory properties of cheese from group P received the highest scores for odor intensity and friability, while group F had a greater chewing consistency. Overall, all cheeses received good scores for acceptability. Conclusion In conclusion, this study showed how the integration of extruded linseed improved the FA profile of fresh pecorino cheese PS preserving its sensory properties. Levels of CLA in the PS group achieved using this approach was not higher than that in a grazing diet. Cheeses from groups P and L contained a higher value of FA, with nutritional implications for humans, when compared with un-supplemented diet. Linseed may be a good feeding strategy when pasture is not available.Objective The objective of this study was to estimate the genetic parameters for worm resistance (WR) and associated characteristics, using the linear-threshold animal model via Bayesian inference in single- and multiple-trait analyses. Methods Data were collected from a herd of Santa Inês breed sheep. All information was collected with animals submitted to natural contamination conditions. All data (number of eggs per gram of feces, FEC); Famacha score, FS; body condition score, BCS; and hematocrit, HCT) were collected on the same day. The animals were weighed individually on the day after collection (after 12-h fasting). Ipatasertib The WR trait was defined by the multivariate cluster analysis, using the number of eggs per gram of feces (FEC), hematocrit (HCT), body condition score (BCS), and Famacha score (FS), of material collected from naturally infected sheep of the Santa Inês breed. The variance components and genetic parameters for the WR, FEC, HCT, ECC, and FS traits were estimated using the Bayesian inference under the linear and threshold animal model. Results A low magnitude was obtained for repeatability of worm-related traits. The mean values estimated for heritability were of low-to-high (0.05-0.88) magnitude. The FEC, HCT, BCS, FS, and body weight (BW) traits showed higher heritability (although low magnitude) in the multiple-trait model due to increased information about traits. All WR characters showed a significant genetic correlation, and heritability estimates ranged from low (0.44; single-trait model) to high (0.88; multiple-trait model). Conclusion Therefore, we suggest that FS be included as a criterion of ovine genetic selection for endoparasite resistance using the trait defined by multivariate cluster analysis, as it will provide greater genetic gains when compared to any single trait. In addition, its measurement is easy and inexpensive, exhibiting greater heritability and repeatability and a high genetic correlation with the trait of resistance to worms.Objective The objectives of the current study were to study the main environmental factors affecting birth weight (BW) and weaning weight (WW), estimate variance components, genetic parameters and genetic trend and to evaluate the variability and relationships among breeding value of BW and WW using principal components analysis (PCA). Methods A total of 16370 records were collected from 8271 buffalo calves. Genetic parameters and breeding values were estimated using a bivariate animal model which includes direct, maternal and permanent maternal effects. These estimates were standardized and used in PCA analysis. Results The direct heritability estimates were 0.06 and 0.41 for BW and WW, respectively whereas direct maternal heritability values were 0.03 and 0.14, respectively. Proportions of variance due to permanent environmental effects of dam were 0.455 and 0.280 for birth and weaning weight respectively. The genetic correlation between birth and weaning weights was weak approaching zero, but the maternal correlation was 0.