Hellermcmahon6950

(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).Diverting attention away from negative emotional stimuli has been associated with calmer physiological states in the moment, but little is known about the potential long-term effects of this emotion regulation strategy on physiology. Similarly, how physiological states, in turn, may contribute to the development of regulatory behaviors has seldom been examined. The current study investigated the concurrent and prospective associations between children's parasympathetic activity and attention diversion during a frustrating experience over 2.5 years. At 3.5 (n = 83) and 6 years (n = 58), children participated in age-appropriate frustration inductions. Multiphase latent growth curve models were used to model dynamic changes in respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) reactivity to and recovery from frustration. At 6 years, attention diversion was associated with concurrent increases in RSA (increased parasympathetic influence). However, longitudinal path models showed the opposite association. Attention diversion at 3.5 years predicted heightened autonomic arousal at 6 years in the form of greater decreases in RSA throughout the reactivity phase. Additionally, RSA recovery at 3.5 years predicted less use of attention diversion at 6 years. These findings suggest a developmental process by which earlier emotion regulation behaviors shape later physiological responses, with different short- versus long-term correlates of attention diversion. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).Affective phenomena have noteworthy complexity and heterogeneity-shared experiences and emotions evoke distinct responses and risk for affective problems across individuals (e.g., higher rates in women than men). Yet by averaging across individuals, affective science research traditionally treats affect as homogenous. Directly modeling person-specific heterogeneity in affective complexity (AC)-like the granularity and covariation of affective experiences-is paramount for identifying shared (i.e., common; nomothetic) and/or unshared (i.e., personal; idiographic) features of AC. The present study applied a person-specific technique to capture heterogeneity in daily affect and risk for affective problems in men and women and leveraged personalized results to improve general understanding of AC. Young adults (n = 56; 25 female) reported affect on each of 75 days of an intensive longitudinal study. AC was modeled using p-technique (i.e., person-specific factor analysis), and its utility over traditional, between-person models of affect (i.e., bivariate positive and negative affect) was compared for prediction of risk for affective problems in women compared to men. A community detection network algorithm was then applied to estimate person-specific AC to develop an idiographically informed nomothetic model of AC. Person-specific analyses detected wide variation in AC across individuals (i.e., range of 2-8 factors). Relative to the traditional bivariate model, idiographic models had incremental utility for differentiating risk for affective problems by gender. Nomothetic review of idiographic results (via community detection) revealed distinct dynamics in positive and negative affect networks. Person-specific science holds particular promise for mapping heterogeneity in AC and uncovering risk pathways for affective problems. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).Concern that masculine generic language (e.g., man to mean humanity) perpetuates gender inequity has led several institutions to formally discourage its use. While previous experimental research indicates that generic terms like man bring more exemplars of men than women to mind, only recently have researchers begun exploring additional consequences of gendered language. Understanding the range of processes affected is of particular importance when evaluating real-world policies. check details Yale University recently changed the title of a leadership role from master to head. The present study (N = 341) investigated what exemplars come to mind (i.e., cognitive accessibility) while also probing memory for women and men in the leadership role both before and after Yale's language policy change. Students exposed to master generated a male exemplar more than would be expected by the incidence of men and recognized actual men in the role more accurately (d') than women in a face recognition task. Among students exposed to head, both biases were eliminated. The previous literature shows that masculine generic language brings men to mind. The present work demonstrates a similar effect but in an applied context while further documenting consequences for memory. Gender inclusive language polices have potential to reduce gender biased thinking with applied significance. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).Parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) experience high levels of stress related to their children's symptoms and comorbid behavior problems. Adaptive parental coping in response to child-related stressors is proposed to serve a buffering function, and yet, little research has examined whether coping actually moderates associations between child factors and parent outcomes in this population. The few studies to do so have focused on parent well-being as the primary outcome and have not considered the degree to which child-related stressors may affect parenting and contribute to maladaptive transactional parent-child processes over time. The present study tested whether adaptive parental coping was associated with reduced associations between higher levels of child ASD symptoms and comorbid externalizing problems and poorer quality parent reactions to child negative emotions in 63 families of children with ASD. Parents reported on their children's externalizing problems, their own coping behavior, and their reactions to their children's negative emotions, and child ASD symptoms were measured through direct testing. Adaptive coping-primarily active planning-moderated the association between children's behavior problems and supportive parent reactions such that parents of children with more externalizing problems reported less supportive reactions, but only when adaptive coping was low. Child ASD symptoms did not significantly relate to parent reactions, and coping did not moderate these associations. This cross-sectional study is the first to identify parental coping as a potential protective factor for parenting behavior in families of children with ASD and comorbid behavior problems. Implications for future longitudinal research are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).