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ed by this pathogenic nematode, and prepare for proper management action. To our knowledge, this is the first report of M. incognita infecting C. violifohia in China.Rubus chingii is used as an important traditional Chinese medicine, and belongs to the family Rosaceae. The fruit has multiple pharmacological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and improving cognitive impairment (Na Han et al. 2012). In June 2019, a new fungal infection was observed on the leaves of R. chingii in Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture, Guizhou Province, China, forming small lesions with reddish-brown edges along leaf veins. Over 500 plants were surveyed, and nearly 20% of the plants were symptomatic. CHIR-99021 purchase The diseased plants grew poorly and appeared stunted, and severely affected plants died. Five symptomatic leaves were randomly collected from the field and washed with tap water and distilled water successively. The edges of infected leaf tissue were cut into small pieces (4 to 5 mm2), surface sterilized with 70% ethanol for 30 s and 0.1% HgCl2 for 1 minute, and then rinsed three times in sterile distilled water (Chen et al. 2016). The same fungus was isolated from 41 2016). To the best of our known, this is the first report of black freckle disease caused by P. capitalensis on Rubus chingii in China. P. capitalensis is a destructive plant pathogen with an unusually broad host range and our findings will be useful for its management and for further research. The author(s) declare no conflict of interest.Olecranon honey peach (Prunus persica L.) is a popular fruit tree cultivated in Guangdong Province of China. Due to its excellent economic values and popularity, it has recently been widely adopted and planted in several other southern Provinces and Autonomous Region in China, including Yunnan, Hunan, Jiangxi, Guizhou, and Guangxi. In Lianping County of Guangdong Province alone, the annual peach fruit production was about 78,800 tonnes (Xie et al. 2017). In July 2021, peach fruits showing soft rot symptoms were collected from an olecranon honey peach plantation in Lechang, Guangdong, China. Symptoms included tissue disintegration with bacterial oozes and rotting smells. To isolate the causal agent of soft rot in the peach fruits, the bacterial oozes from various rotted fruits were streaked on the modified YEB agar plate (Huang et al. 2021), and 21 bacterial colonies were selected for PCR amplification using the primers targeting the conserved region of 16S rDNA gene (Wei et al. 2020). A blastN analysis of the; Sun et al. 2019; Tang et al. link2 2020; Xu et al. 2021). The results of this study add a new plant species to the host range of P. aroidearum.

Prophylactic ureteral stents (PUS) are typically placed prior to complex abdominal or pelvic operations at the surgeon's discretion to help facilitate detection of iatrogenic ureteral injury. However, its usefulness and safety in the setting of cytoreductive surgery with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CRS-HIPEC) have not been examined. This study aims to evaluate the potential clinical value and risk profile of prophylactic ureteral stent placement prior to CRS-HIPEC.

We performed a single-institutional retrospective analysis of 145 patients who underwent CRS-HIPEC from 2013 to 2021. Demographic and operative characteristics were compared between patients who underwent PUS placement and those that did not. Ureteral stent-related complications were evaluated.

Of the 145 patients included in the analysis, 124 underwent PUS placement. There were no significant differences in patient demographics, medical comorbidities, or tumor characteristics. Additionally, PUS placement did not significantly ively considered in patients for whom benefits outweigh the risks.

To examine how health care providers' knowledge, attitudes, and practices affect their referrals to the National Diabetes Prevention Program.

Cross-sectional, self-report data from DocStyles-a web-based survey.

USA.

Practicing family practitioners, nurse practitioners, pharmacists, and internists,

= 1,503.

Questions regarding health care providers' knowledge, attitudes, and practices and their referrals to the National Diabetes Prevention Program.

Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to calculate predictive margins and the average marginal effect.

Overall, 15.2% of health care providers (

= 1,503) reported making a referral to the National Diabetes Prevention Program. Health care providers were more likely to make referrals if they were familiar with the program (average marginal effect = 36.0%, 95% CI 29.1%, 42.8%), reported knowledge of its availability (average marginal effect=49.1%, 95% CI 40.2%, 57.9%), believed it was important to make referrals to the program (average marginal effect = 20.7%, 95% CI 14.4%, 27.0%), and used electronic health records to manage patients with prediabetes (average marginal effect = 9.1%, 95% CI 5.4%, 12.7%). Health care providers' demographic characteristics had little to no association with making referrals.

Making referrals to the National Diabetes Prevention Program was associated with health care providers' knowledge of the program and its reported availability, their attitudes, and their use of the electronic health record system to manage patients with prediabetes.

Making referrals to the National Diabetes Prevention Program was associated with health care providers' knowledge of the program and its reported availability, their attitudes, and their use of the electronic health record system to manage patients with prediabetes.Primary Liver Cancers - Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Cholangiocarcinoma Abstract. Malignant liver tumors are often discovered as an incidental finding on sonography. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver malignancy, followed by cholangiocellular carcinoma (CCC). The most employed diagnostic tests are MRI with gadolinium contrast medium or 3-phase CT abdomen. Biopsy of a hepatic nodule can be omitted if the radiologic and clinical presentation are typical. Patients with malignant liver tumors and / or unclear findings should present to a liver center. The most effective therapies for HCC and CCC include liver resection and liver transplantation. Only surgical oncologic R0 resection is curative. link3 The therapy should be done by a multidisciplinary team. If primary surgery of the lesion is not possible, interventional or sytemic chemotherapy can also be helpful.Gallbladder carcinoma and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma Abstract. In this article, we focus on three entities of malignant biliary tumors gallbladder carcinoma, distal and perihilar cholangiocarcinoma. Those are rare malignant tumors which require an extensive interdisciplinary expertise in the treatment of hepato-pancreato-biliary conditions in order to provide an appropriate diagnostic work-up, correctly assess resectability and come up with a clear-cut multimodal treatment plan. Perihilar cholangiocarcinoma (Klatskin-tumour) usually requires the most complex evaluation of resectability, which involves not only the assessment of vascular in- and outflow and an adequate biliary drainage, but also aims to ensure that enough functional liver tissue is left after resection. To this end, preoperative portal vein embolization may be used to increase the size the future liver remnant. In highly selected, unresectable cases of perihilar cholangiocarinoma, or if a primary sclerosing cholangitis is present, neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by liver transplantation can be evaluated as a curative option. Distal cholangiocarcinomas usually are treated by a partial pancreaticoduodenectomy (Whipple operation). The surgical treatment of gallbladder cancer ranges from simple cholecystectomy to major liver resection with complex biliary and vascular reconstruction, dependent on tumour stage. The surgical treatment is usually followed by an adjuvant regimen of Capecitabine which can significantly improve survival, while a combination Cisplatin and Gemcitabine is used in the palliative setting.Pathology of hepato-pancreato-biliary tumors An overview. Abstract. Malignant tumors of the hepato-pancreato-biliary organs are usually conventional adenocarcinomas, except for the liver, where they are, based on their characteristic morphology, called hepatocellular neoplasms. In addition to these pure morphological approaches, molecular and especially morphomolecular investigations have yielded many new findings in recent years, always with the aim of providing patients the best possible therapy. For example, focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) of the liver is now considered a reactive change that does not require further therapy. On the one hand, molecular stratification of hepatocellular adenomas allows to identify high-risk tumors, and which should be surgically treated. As a further example, tumors of the extra- and intrahepatic bile ducts are differentiated today into small-duct-type and large-duct-type, which have different, therapeutically relevant, molecular profiles. The present review provides an overview of the most important and common tumors of the hepato-pancreato-biliary organs.Interventional endoscopy in hepatico-pancreatico-biliary disease Abstract. Interventional endoscopy has undergone an exciting evolution in recent years, especially in the treatment of hepatico-pancreatico-biliary disease. However, novel endoscopes have also improved diagnostics through direct visualization of the biliary tract and the pancreatic duct, including targeted biopsy-sampling of suspicious endoluminal lesions. The use of cholangioscopy also allows for lithotripsy of complex gallstones under direct visualization. In patients with malignant biliary obstruction, endosonography(EUS)-guided insertion of novel lumen-apposing metal stents allow for extraanatomical access to intra- or extrahepatic bile ducts, if traditional transpapillary stent insertion fails. Especially in patients with altered anatomy e. g., after surgery, EUS-guided transgastric drainage may be the most sensible approach. Using similar techniques, EUS-guided drainage of the pancreatic duct is also possible. Local tumor therapy may be achieved with novel endoscopic retrograde cholangiography-guided catheter-based radiofrequency ablation and photodynamic therapy. In chronic pancreatitis, similar to biliary disease, methods of endoluminal diagnosis, lithotripsy, and transgastric drainage may also be applied. This article provides an overview of novel endoscopic techniques and methods that are available in hepatico-pancreatico-biliary disease.Neuroendocrine tumor of the pancreas What is new? Abstract. Neuroendocrine neoplasms are a rare and heterogeneous group of tumors with very different clinical presentations. Accordingly, they are initially difficult to recognize in clinical practice and diagnosis is often delayed. The necessary diagnostic steps include radiological and functional / nuclear medicine examinations to determine the extent of the primary tumor on the one hand and the presence of metastases on the other. If indicated, tissue sampling / biopsy is indicated. The resulting treatments include surgical resection, treatment with somatostatin analogues or multimodal therapy concepts, depending on the type and spread of the tumor and the symptoms. The therapy of patients with NET must be discussed at an interdisciplinary tumor board at a specialized center.