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3 ± 10.8% vs. - 2.2 ± 10.2%; p = 0.02). However, this finding did not apply to patients with more than one, two or three risk factors. Patients with more than four risk factors also tended to show a higher prevalence of CTRCD than those without (14.3% vs. 2.8%; p = 0.12). Moreover, the relative decrease in LVEF became greater as the number of risk factors increased. This study found multiple risk factors were associated with LV dysfunction following chemotherapy. Our findings can thus be expected to have clinical implications for better management of patients with breast cancer referred for chemotherapy.Coronary sinus (CS) Reducer implantation improves myocardial perfusion and symptoms in patients with debilitating refractory angina. Its impact on myocardial remodeling remain uncertain. Aim of the present study was to assess possible impact of CS Reducer on myocardial systolic-diastolic deformation and microstructural remodeling, as assessed through cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) feature tracking and mapping analysis. Twenty-eight consecutive patients with refractory angina underwent multiparametric stress CMR before and 4 months after CS Reducer implantation. Eight patients were excluded (6 for absence of inducible ischemia, 2 for artifacts). Modifications in 3D systo-diastolic myocardial deformation were evaluated using feature tracking analysis on rest cine images. Myocardial microstructural remodeling was assessed by native T1 mapping, cellular and matrix volume and extracellular volume fraction (ECV). Collaterally, the percentage of ischemic myocardium (ischemic burden %) and the myocardial perfusion reserve index (MPRI) were measured. After CS Reducer implantation, myocardial contractility improved (ejection fraction rose from 61 to 67%; p = 0.0079), along with longitudinal (from - 16 to - 19%; p = 0.0192) and circumferential strain (from - 18 to - 21%; p = 0.0017). Peak diastolic radial, circumferential and longitudinal strain rate did not change (p > 0.05), and no changes in native T1, ECV, cellular and matrix volume were observed. Myocardial perfusion improved, with a reduction of ischemic burden (13-11%; p = 0.0135), and recovery of intramural perfusion balance in segments with baseline ischemia (MPRi endocardial/epicardial ratio from 0.67 to 0.96; p = 0.0107). CS Reducer improves myocardial longitudinal and circumferential strain, without microstructural remodeling and no impact on diastolic proprieties.Cognitive deficits in Parkinson's disease (PD) are heterogeneous entities, and the cognitive status fluctuates over time. However, individual changes in longitudinal cognitive performance in PD are not fully understood. We evaluated three visual indices (visuoperception, visuoconstruction, and visuospatial ability) and four cognitive domains (attention/working memory, executive function, memory, and language) at baseline (Time1) and at 1-year follow-up (Time2) in 36 patients with PD and 32 healthy controls (HCs). To explore the magnitude and frequency of cognitive changes, we analyzed data using the simple difference method and the standardized regression-based method. We also explored the correlations between changes in test scores and several clinical predictors, using logistic regression analysis. At 1 year, patients with PD showed higher rates of change in scores on several cognitive tests, especially the Incomplete Letters test of visuoperception, compared to HCs. After adjusting for demographic variables, the visuoperceptual change was 61.1% overall, with the largest effect size. The changes in scores of visuoperception correlated with those of memory (r = 0.672, p  less then  0.001), language (r = 0.389, p  less then  0.05), and visuospatial ability (r = 0.379, p  less then  0.05). The severity of olfactory disturbance, the MDS-UPDRS Part I score, and younger PD onset predicted the significant changes observed in the Incomplete Letters test scores. Visuoperception changed more in non-demented PD patients than in HCs at 1-year follow-up. The changes in visuoperception could relate to involvement of the ventral occipitotemporal pathway, the more widespread temporal lobe, and brain reserve in PD.A facile scalable approach is presented for the rational design of multidimensional, multilayered sand-clock-like UCNPs (denoted as UCCKs) bounded with high index facets, with a tunable Nd3+ content, and without a template or multiple complicated reaction steps. This was achieved using the seed-mediated growth and subsequent longitudinal direction epitaxial growth with the assistance of oleic acid and NH4F. The as-formed UCCKs composed of an inner layer (NaYF4Yb,Er,Ca), an intermediate layer (NaYF4Yb,Ca), and an outer layer (NaNdF4Yb,Ca). The outer shell, enriched with Nd3+ sensitizer, augmented the near-infrared (NIR) photon absorption, whereas the intermediate shell, enriched with Yb3+, acted as a bridge for energy transfer from Nd3+ to Er3+ emitter in the inner core alongside with precluding any deleterious energy back-transfer from Er3+ or quenching effect from Nd3+. These unique structural and compositional properties of UCCKs endowed the UCL intensity of UCCKs by 22 and 10 times higher than that of hexagonal UCNP core (NaYF4Yb,Er,Ca) and hexagonal UCNP core-shell (NaYF4Yb,Er,Ca@NaYF4Yb,Ca), respectively. Intriguingly, the UCL intensity increased significantly with increasing the content of Nd3+ in the outer shell. The silica-coated UCCKs were used as excellent long-term luminescence probes for the in vitro bioimaging without any noteworthy cytotoxicity. Selleckchem GCN2iB The presented approach may pave the road for controlling the synthesis of multidimensional UCCKs for various applications. Graphical abstract We developed novel multidimensional multilayered sand-clock-like upconversion nanostructures composed of a spherical inner core (NaYF4Yb,Er,Ca), hexagonal intermediate shell (NaYF4Yb,Ca) and two up-down outer shell (NaNdF4Yb,Ca) with controllable Nd3+ as an efficient and safe probe for bioimaging applications without any quenching effect.

Dysphagia is a common symptom in inflammatory myopathies. This review provides an overview on the epidemiology, clinical impact, and management of dysphagia in myositis. Relevant diagnostic tools and treatment strategies are discussed.

Dysphagia can occur in any inflammatory myopathy, particularly in inclusion body myositis (IBM). It can lead to malnutrition or aspiration with subsequent pneumonia or even death. Dysphagia can be explored and monitored by patient-reported outcome scales for swallowing. New diagnostic tools such as real-time MRI and oro-pharyngo-esophageal scintigraphy have been studied for assessing dysphagia. Botulinum toxin injection can alleviate dysphagia in IBM. High-dose glucocorticosteroids are considered a first-line treatment for dysphagia in all other myositis subforms. Evaluation of dysphagia in myositis requires thorough clinical workup and appropriate instrumental procedures. Treatment options are available for dysphagia, but controlled trials and consensus on best patient care are required for this important symptom.