Healyarnold3394

Dry beans are an affordable, nutritious food that often require long cooking times. Storage time and conditions, growing environment, and genotype influence cooking times. Little is known about factors underlying genetic variation for cooking time. Using fast and slow cooking genotypes from four different seed types (brown, cranberry, red mottled, yellow), the objectives of this study were to (1) characterize genetic variability for cooking time across multiple soaking time points; (2) determine the roles of seed coat and cotyledon cell wall physical traits in genetic variability for cooking time; and (3) identify seed coat and cotyledon cell wall compositional differences associated with genetic variability for cooking time. Genotypes were evaluated for cooking time on unsoaked beans and beans soaked for 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 h. Cooking times were sharply reduced after 3 h of soaking and plateaued after 6 h of soaking. Interestingly, the genotypes in each pair that cooked faster when soaked did not necessarily cook faster when unsoaked. Greater seed coat percentage, cotyledon cell wall thickness, total and insoluble whole seed dietary fiber, and insoluble cotyledon cell wall isolate were genotypic factors associated with longer cooking times of soaked beans. Thicker seed coat macrosclereid- and osteosclereid-layers were genotypic factors associated with longer cooking times of unsoaked beans. These findings suggest that cotyledon cell wall thickness and composition have a significant role in genetic variability for cooking time of soaked beans and seed coat layer thickness relates to the genetic variability for cooking time of unsoaked beans.The aim of this study was the use and revalorization of two persimmon by-products A and B generated in the juice production process. The by-product B resulting from a pectinase enzymatic treatment of peels and pulp to optimize juice extraction was especially suitable for recovery of valuable bioactive carotenoids. The extraction solvents and solvent combinations used were ethanol, acetone, ethanol/acetone (5050 v/v) and ethanol/acetone/hexane (252550 v/v/v). HPLC-DAD analysis detected and identified a total of nine individual carotenoids namely violaxanthin, neoxanthin, antheraxanthin, lutein, zeaxanthin, β-cryptoxanthin 5,6-epoxide, β-cryptoxanthin, α-carotene, and β-carotene. β-cryptoxanthin and β-carotene represented 49.2% and 13.2% of the total carotenoid content (TCC) in the acetone extract from by-product B. TCC contributed greatly to antioxidant activity of acetone extract derived from this by-product. Pectinase enzymatic treatment of persimmon peels and pulp followed by absolute acetone extraction of carotenoids could be an efficient method to obtain a rich extract in these compounds that could be used as nutraceutical ingredient.

Patients with occult pneumothorax (OPTX) requiring positive-pressure ventilation (PPV) face uncertain risks of tension pneumothorax or chest drainage complications.

Adults with traumatic OPTXs requiring PPV were randomized to drainage/observation, with the primary outcome of composite "respiratory distress" (RD)).

Seventy-five (75) patients were randomized to observation, 67 to drainage. RD occurred in 38% observed and 25% drained (p=0.14; Power=0.38), with no mortality differences. One-quarter of observed patients failed, reaching 40% when ventilated >5 days. Twenty-three percent randomized to drainage had complications or ineffectual drains.

RD was not significantly different with observation. Thus, OPTXs may be cautiously observed in stable patients undergoing short-term PPV when prompt "rescue drainage" is immediately available. As 40% of patients undergoing prolonged (≥5 days) ventilation (PPPV) require drainage, we suggest consideration of chest drainage performed with expert guidance to reduce risk of chest tube complications.

Therapeutic study, level II.

Therapeutic study, level II.

A community lockdown has a profound impact on its citizens. Our objective was to identify changes in trauma patient demographics, volume, and pattern of injury following the COVID-19 lockdown.

A retrospective review was conducted at a Level-1 Trauma Center from 2017 to 2020.

A downward trend in volume is seen December-April in 2020 (R

=0.9907). February through April showed an upward trend in 2018 and 2019 (R

0.80 and R

=0.90 respectively), but a downward trend in 2020 (R

=0.97). In April 2020, there was 41.6% decrease in total volume, a 47.4% decrease in blunt injury and no decrease in penetrating injury. In contrast to previous months, in April the majority of injuries occurred in home zip codes.

A community lockdown decreased the number of blunt trauma, however despite social distancing, did not decrease penetrating injury. Injuries were more likely to occur in home zip codes.

A community lockdown decreased the number of blunt trauma, however despite social distancing, did not decrease penetrating injury. Injuries were more likely to occur in home zip codes.

There is a wide variety of functional tests and scales for the assessment of different aspects in the adaptation of amputees, but there is still no consensus on which are the most appropriate.

To describe the measures of correlation and association among three functional tests for lower-limb amputees and to define the most appropriate for this assessment. To assess general satisfaction in lower-limb prostheses users and its association with the functional tests.

We included 83 unilateral lower-limb amputees who were users of low-cost exoskeletal prostheses. The instruments employed were the Houghton scale, the Prosthesis Evaluation Questionnaire - Mobility Scale (PEQ-MS) and the 2-minute walk test (2MWT). The statistical analysis was performed using the chi-square test and Spearman's correlation coefficient.

The functional tests evaluated had an acceptable correlation and association with each other, but the Spearman correlation between the Houghton scale and the 2MWT was of greater significance (whole sample r=0.56; below-knee amputees r=0.53). The association measures did not achieve statistically significant results for above-knee amputees or for general satisfaction.

The Houghton Scale and the 2MWT showed a good correlation and association with each other, becoming possible first-line instruments for the follow-up of exoskeletal lower limb prosthesis users. No significant association was identified between satisfaction and the instruments measured.

The Houghton Scale and the 2MWT showed a good correlation and association with each other, becoming possible first-line instruments for the follow-up of exoskeletal lower limb prosthesis users. No significant association was identified between satisfaction and the instruments measured.Currently, several studies have identified low adherence to pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with COPD, despite the positive effects of the treatment. Patient adherence to pulmonary rehabilitation is affected by factors such as the absence of family support, and the presence of multiple comorbidities, respiratory distress, anxiety and depression. Given that there is no conclusive evidence about which of these factors are most influential in determining adherence to pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with COPD, we conducted this scoping review to analyse the available evidence on the factors influencing the adherence of patients with COPD to pulmonary rehabilitation programs (PRP). A wide literature search was carried out in Medline, Ovid, Science Direct, EMBASE, EBSCO and ISI-web of science, with prior definition of the selection criteria that included the factors associated with healthcare and adherence in patients with COPD in PRP. We used the adherence model proposed by the WHO as a conceptual framework. As a significant result, we found that factors in the dimension of illness (40%) and patient (30%) were the most frequently found dimensions in the studies, revealing that the design of pulmonary rehabilitation programs must take into account the specific needs of the patient. Further studies are needed to establish barriers and facilitators of adherence among COPD patients to PRP in the Colombian setting.

Both animal and retrospective human studies have linked extended and repeated general anaesthesia during early development with cognitive and behavioural deficits later in life. However, the neuronal circuit mechanisms underlying this anaesthesia-induced behavioural impairment are poorly understood.

Neonatal mice were administered one or three doses of propofol, a commonly used i.v. general anaesthetic, over Postnatal days 7-11. Control mice received Intralipid® vehicle injections. At 4 months of age, the mice were subjected to a series of behavioural tests, including motor learning. During the process of motor learning, calcium activity of pyramidal neurones and three classes of inhibitory interneurones in the primary motor cortex were examined invivo using two-photon microscopy.

Repeated, but not a single, exposure of neonatal mice to propofol i.p. caused motor learning impairment in adulthood, which was accompanied by a reduction of pyramidal neurone number and activity in the motor cortex. The activysfunction and behavioural impairments in later life. Potentiation of neuronal activity during recovery from anaesthesia reduces these adverse effects of early-life anaesthesia.

Reconstitution of hepatic artery inflow is essential for a successful liver transplantation. Living donor transplantation presents additional challenges in the form of a short and small donor vessel stump, exacerbating the poor surgical access for microsurgery. Few reports have described the use of the radial artery as an interposition graft in liver transplantation; we present a series of 6 cases and discuss the technical merits of this procedure.

Retrospective review of consecutive patients undergoing living donor liver transplantation from December 2015 to December 2019 was performed. Demographics, operative details, and postoperative outcomes were reviewed.

Twenty-two patients underwent living donor liver transplantation. Radial artery interposition grafting was used in 6 cases, including 1 salvage case for hepatic artery thrombosis. One patient developed hepatic artery stenosis (2 weeks postoperatively) that was conservatively managed. After radial artery grafting, all patients had normal resistive indices on duplex ultrasonography at up to 20 months postoperatively. The mean follow-up was 15.2 months.

When faced with a significantly short vessel stump or caliber mismatch, radial artery interpositional grafting is a safe and useful technique for reducing tension and overcoming vessel size mismatch in hepatic artery reconstruction.

When faced with a significantly short vessel stump or caliber mismatch, radial artery interpositional grafting is a safe and useful technique for reducing tension and overcoming vessel size mismatch in hepatic artery reconstruction.Biocompatible polymer-coated magnetic nanoparticles are designed with an objective to sharp-shoot cancer by loading anticancer drugs on them and delivering to the target site. In this work, novel biocompatible polymers of poly(dl-lactic-co-glycolide), functionalized with β-cyclodextrin and β-cyclodextrin-folate conjugate are synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic techniques. Aprotinin Magnetic ytterbium ferrite nanoparticles are prepared, and the synthesized polymers are coated on them. The polymer-coated nanoparticles are intended to be employed as magnetic nanocarriers that transport the anticancer drug, camptothecin. The ferrite nanoparticles are superparamagnetic in nature. Camptothecin was loaded in the nanocarriers and the adsorption percentage was near or above 90%. Study of the in vitro release of camptothecin from the nanocarrier reveals its sustained nature, i.e. a cumulative release of about 50% at 72 h and a pH of 7.4. A pH-dependent enhanced release of 60% is observed, i.e. at a more acidic pH of 6.