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P38 MAPK and NF-κB pathways may be involved this process. This study further found that RIPK1 in epidermal cell has a regulatory function on pro-survival signals.Natural helical bundles (HBs) constitute a ubiquitous class of protein folds built of two or more longitudinally arranged α-helices. They adopt topologies that include symmetric, highly regular assemblies all the way to asymmetric, loosely packed domains. The diverse functional spectrum of HBs ranges from structural scaffolds to complex and dynamic effectors as molecular motors, signaling and sensing molecules, enzymes, and molecular switches. Symmetric HBs, particularly coiled coils, offer simple model systems providing an ideal entry point for protein folding and design studies. Herein, we review recent progress unveiling new structural features and functional mechanisms in natural HBs and cover staggering advances in the de novo design of HBs, giving rise to exotic structures and the creation of novel functions.In Pseudomonas spp. PsrA, a transcriptional activator of the rpoS gene, regulates fatty acid catabolism by repressing the fadBA5 β-oxidation operon. this website In Azotobacter vinelandii, a soil bacterium closely related to Pseudomonas species, PsrA is also an activator of rpoS expression, although its participation in the regulation of lipid metabolism has not been analyzed. In this work we found that inactivation of psrA had no effect on the expression of β-oxidation genes in this bacterium, but instead decreased expression of the unsaturated fatty acid biosynthetic operon fabAB (3-hydroxydecanoyl-ACP dehydratase/isomerase and 3-ketoacyl-ACP synthase I). This inactivation also reduced the unsaturated fatty acid content, as revealed by the thin-layer chromatographic analysis, and confirmed by gas chromatography; notably, there was also a lower content of cyclopropane fatty acids, which are synthesized from unsaturated fatty acids. The absence of PsrA has no effect on the growth rate, but showed loss of cell viability during long-term growth, in accordance with the role of these unsaturated and cyclopropane fatty acids in the protection of membranes. Finally, an electrophoretic mobility shift assay revealed specific binding of PsrA to the fabA promoter region, where a putative binding site for this regulator was located. Taken together, our data show that PsrA plays an important role in the regulation of unsaturated fatty acids metabolism in A. vinelandii by positively regulating fabAB.The water-holding capacity (WHC) of meat affects its characteristics and is a crucial criterion for assessing meat quality. However, there is no precise analytical method for determining meat WHC. This study aimed to develop a precise and widely applicable method to determine the WHC of turkey and pork samples. A filter-paper press method was used to present WHC as water content (%) before and after pressing (WHC1) or water content (%) after pressing relative to the fat-free dry matter components of the tested meat (WHC3). In cases where pressing released both fat and muscle juice, procedures to calculate WHC2 or WHC4 were applied. This increased the precision of WHC values calculated using formulas 1 and 3 (for WHC1 and WHC3 values, respectively). Expressing WHC as WHC3 ensured absolute precision in determining WHC. This study successfully developed a reference analytical method for accurately determining meat WHC.In this study, a facile Ag nanocube (NC) array substrate was fabricated for rapid SERS detection of melamine in milk. This easily-prepared substrate exhibited high Raman enhancement factor (~1.02 × 105) and good reproducibility with ~10.75% spot-to-spot variation in Raman intensity. Our proposed method can detect melamine as low as 0.01 ppm in standard solutions and 0.5 ppm in real milk samples after a simple one-step solvent extraction. Two multivariate analysis tools including partial least squares and support vector machines (SVM) were explored to develop reliable regression models for quantitative SERS analysis of melamine. By comparison, SVM regression models exhibited better predictive performance, especially in liquid milk, with root mean square error (RMSE) of calibration = 5.5783, coefficient of determination (R2) of calibration = 0.9807, RMSE of prediction = 1.9636, and R2 of prediction = 0.9736. Hence, this study offers a rapid and sensitive detection of adulterant melamine in milk samples.Natural Flood Management (NFM) is now well established as a paradigm for reducing flood risk. It is characterised by adopting a catchment-wide hydrological perspective and implementing solutions that work with natural processes such as wetlands, riparian vegetation and river channel rehabilitation. However, despite substantial attention in the river science literature and growing appreciation for NFM among environmental managers, little research has been conducted on how the public perceives NFM. This study explored preferences for a variety of flood risk management schemes through an online survey of the UK public, and assessed how different characteristics of these schemes contribute to preferences via Q-method utilising an array of photographs. Relationships between survey respondents' underlying transcendental values and their preferences for NFM schemes were also studied. Results revealed that while NFM approaches were appreciated for their appearance and wildlife benefits, traditional grey engineering - particularly dams - was seen as more effective in ameliorating flood risk. Q-sorts of photographs revealed three factors that characterised participants' preferences (i) "Engineered - Natural", (ii) "Messy - Neat" and (iii) "Grey - Green". Finally, transcendental values were significantly related to flood scheme preferences, with 'Self-Transcendence' values positively correlated with preferences for tree planting and wetlands and negatively with dams and weirs. 'Conservative' values were positively correlated with preferences for dredging and weirs and negatively with wetlands. These findings emphasise the plurality of public perceptions related to NFM and the diverse value orientations within which they are grounded. River and catchment managers seeking to promote NFM solutions should focus on addressing public concerns about the efficacy of NFM for mitigating flood risk, and consider how to communicate solutions in ways that resonate with a diverse set of public values.Hydrothermally-altered feldspar (HydroPotash, HYP) possesses, among other physicochemical properties, high pH buffering and cation exchange capacity. Therefore, it may potentially remove heavy metals from aqueous solutions and immobilize these metals in contaminated soil. This study aimed to evaluate the capabilities of two types of HydroPotash (HYP-1 and HYP-2) and a zeolite sample (a commercial adsorbent) for immobilizing cadmium (Cd), zinc (Zn), and lead (Pb) from both aqueous solution and contaminated soils from a Zn-smelting area (classified as soilhigh, soilintermediate, and soillow based on their level of soluble metal concentration). Sorption studies in natural suspension pH showed that HYPs removed 63.8-99.9% Zn, 20.6-40.7% Cd, and 68.4-99.7% Pb from aqueous solution. In the batch test with controlled pH (at pH 5.5), HYPs sorbed more Cd than zeolite. Analyses of scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy after desorption showed the presence of Pb at HYP-2, indicating that this metal was effectively adsorbed. In soilhigh HYPs immobilized 99.9% of Zn, Cd, and Pb after one week of soil incubation with these products. The HYPs immobilization effect persisted up to 84 days of soil incubation with these products. The increased soil pH promoted by HYPs appears to be the main factor controlling metal sorption. In conclusion, HydroPotash can be used as an adsorbent/amendment to effectively immobilize heavy metals in both water and contaminated soils by precipitation and adsorption. Our findings indicate the high potential of this material for Cd, Zn, and Pb stabilization, which is of great relevance when recovering areas affected by mining/smelting activities with multi-element contamination.The Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) model has been widely used to assess the impacts of management practices and climate change on runoff and soil loss at both hillslope and watershed scales. However, the representation of channel erosion processes in WEPP has not been changed significantly since it was released. The current (WEPP v2012.8) and previous WEPP versions assume that channel input erodibility parameters are constant through time, which may lead to erroneous channel detachment predictions, especially for cropland with substantial tillage operations. In this research, the temporally constant values of channel erodibility and critical shear stress were replaced by daily updated values, using the same temporal erodibility and critical shear stress adjustments that are applied in hillslope profile simulations for rill detachment. Observed watershed-scale runoff and soil erosion data from six agricultural watersheds were used to calibrate and compare the WEPP model performance in simulating channel runoff volumes and soil losses before and after the modification. The research showed both WEPP v2012.8 and the modified WEPP model (WEPP_CE) could satisfactorily simulate event-based hydrology and soil erosion at the watershed outlets after calibration. The WEPP_CE model with temporally varying channel erodibility and critical shear stress values demonstrated improved representation of the physical processes in channel soil detachment. Continued improvement in the representation of channel erosion processes in WEPP and other process-based models is needed. The improved WEPP model can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of soil conservation practices on hydrology and erosion in further research.Green roofs are widely considered as a promising nature-based solution for urban stormwater management. In this study, the stormwater retention and detention performance of 6 green roof modules with different types and depth of substrates at Beijing, China was investigated through 3-year continuous monitoring. The Hydrus-1D was applied to further explore the stormwater management performance of green roofs under extreme storms. The average event-based stormwater retention and detention rates of the green roofs with 10 cm substrates ranged between 81% and 87%, and 83%-87%, respectively; and the average time delays in runoff generation and peak discharge ranged between 82 and 210 min, and 63-131 min, respectively. Green roofs with 15 cm depth of substrates offered higher stormwater retention and peak runoff attenuation rates than those with 10 cm substrates. However, due to the high frequency (55 out of total 92) of light rainfall events ( less then 10 mm) and short antecedent dry weather periods (3.8 days in average), no significant difference was found on stormwater control performance of those green roofs. The Hydrus-1D simulations revealed that green roof stormwater retention rate decreases exponentially with return periods of extreme storms but increases with substrate depth. There exists a critical depth of substrates and further increases in substrate depth beyond this critical value could not bring much improvement in stormwater retention performance of green roofs. The application of extensive green roofs with 10-15 cm substrates provides promising stormwater retention and detention performance in highly urbanized area of Beijing.