Haydenhsu7243

However, stunting was indirectly associated with adult FM and FFM through the direct associations between slower pubertal development and lower FM and between shorter height and lower FFM. BMI trajectories were independently associated with FM and FFM.

Being stunted in this population predicted adult body composition through slower pubertal development and shorter adult stature.

Being stunted in this population predicted adult body composition through slower pubertal development and shorter adult stature.Obesity is defined as an abnormal/excessive accumulation of body fat, associated with health consequences. Although overall obesity does confer a significant threat to the health of individuals, the distribution of body fat, especially abdominal/central obesity is of greater importance. For practical reasons, proxy anthropometric measurements have been developed to identify central obesity, however, major limitations are noted in these traditional measurements. The present study aims to evaluate the literature, to identify and describe non-traditional anthropometric measurements of overweight and obesity in children. The current systematic review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines, and the search was undertaken in the PubMed® database, using MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) terms. Data extracted from each study were (a) details of the study, (b) anthropometric parameter(s) evaluated in the study and its details, (c) study methods, (d) objectives of the study and/or comparisons, and (e) main findings/conclusions of the study. The search yielded a total of 3697 articles, of which 31 studies were deemed eligible to be included. The literature search identified 13 non-traditional anthropometric parameters. Data on non-traditional anthropometric parameters were derived from 24 countries. Majority were descriptive cross-sectional studies (n = 29), while sample size varied from 65 to 23,043. Non-traditional anthropometric parameters showed variable correlation with obesity and/or related metabolic risk factors. Some parameters involved complex calculations, while others were based on a single anthropometric measurement or derived from traditional measures. Most studies lacked comparison with a 'gold standard' assessment of body fat, hence further research is required to determine their accuracy and precision.Malnutrition among older adults causes health problems and economic costs. Prevention of malnutrition through meal service can reduce such costs. This study estimates potential health economic benefits to be generated through meal service to home-dwelling older adults. Ridaforolimus The study contains three components (1) systems analysis describing the relationship between meal service, nutritional status, health risk, and health-related costs, focusing on older adults, (2) a series of literature reviews to quantify the identified elements in each stage-subject combination (i) meal service impact on nutrition status of older adults, (ii) associations between nutrition status and health risks, (iii) health care resource needs associated with these health risks, and (3) a model synthesis of literature findings to estimate the expected economic benefit of improved health status derived from meal service enrollment, using Denmark as an example. Expected economic benefits in terms of saved direct and indirect health care costs and improved quality-of-life was estimated at an amount of €307 per year per individual enrolled, of which direct health care cost savings constituted €75, while value of improved quality-of-life and reduced mortality constituted the rest. The average health economic benefit from enrolling older adults into meal service is likely to decrease with the number of subscribers. Findings like these are important to take into consideration, when making policy decisions regarding size of the meal service capacity, although it should be noted that the presented estimates are based on a number of assumptions of which some are subject to uncertainty.

Alcohol is commonly consumed around mealtimes. This study hypothesized that the association between alcohol and hypertension was influenced by overall diet quality. This study aims to test the hypothesis that overall diet quality influenced associations between alcohol and risk of hypertension across different ethnicities.

Using nationally representative data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(NHANES 03-12), China Health Nutrition Survey (CHNS), and an independent population-based study, 43,914 adults were included. Subgroup analysis included 6984 adults from CHNS with a 14-year follow-up. Light alcohol consumption was defined as <7standard drinks/week, moderate as 7-21 drinks/week, and heavy as >21 drinks/week. Alternative healthy eating index and diet balance index were calculated as indicators of diet quality.

There were 3968 hypertensives in Caucasians (N = 11,325), 1976 in Africans (N = 5010), 1907 in Hispanics (N = 7274) and 5267 (N = 20,305) in Chinese. In context of highhis study firstly demonstrated that overall diet quality influenced associations between alcohol and risk of hypertension across different ethnicities, emphasizing that when examining health effects of alcohol on blood pressure, diet quality should be considered.Ectopic adipose tissues (EAT) are present adjacent to many organs and have predominantly been described in overweight and obesity. They have been suggested to be related to fatty acid overflow and to have harmful effects. The objective of this semi-comprehensive review is to explore whether EAT may play a supportive role rather than interfering with its function, when the adjacent organ is challenged metabolically and functionally. EAT are present adhered to different tissues or organs, including lymph nodes, heart, kidney, ovaries and joints. In this review, we only focused on epicardial, perinodal, and peritumoral fat since these locations have been studied in more detail. Evidence was found that EAT volume significantly increased, associated with chronic metabolic challenges of the corresponding tissue. In vitro evidence revealed transfer of fatty acids from peritumoral and perinodal fat to the adjacent tissue. Cytokine expression in these EAT is upregulated when the adjacent tissue is challenged. In these tissues, glycolysis is enhanced, whereas fatty acid oxidation is increased. Together with more direct evidence, this shows that glucose is oxidized to a lesser degree, but used to support anabolic metabolism of the adjacent tissue. In these situations, browning occurs, resulting from upregulation of anabolic metabolism, stimulated by uncoupling proteins 1 and 2 and possibly 3. In conclusion, the evidence found is fragmented but the available data support the view that accumulation and browning of adipocytes adjacent to the investigated organs or tissues may be a normal physiological response promoting healing and (patho)physiological growth.Rapid nutrition transition from plant-based traditional diet to westernized diet has led to dramatically heightening burdens of cardiometabolic diseases in China in past decades. Recently, national surveys reported that poor dietary quality including low marine n-3 fatty acids and high intakes of red meat and processed meat was associated with considerably elevated cardiometabolic deaths. Previous studies mainly from Western population-based cohorts have indicated that not only fat quantity but also quality linked with different cardiometabolic outcomes. Compared with Western peoples, Asian peoples, including Chinese, are known to have different dietary patterns and lifestyle, as well as genetic heterogeneities, which may modify fatty acid metabolism and disease susceptibility in certain degree. To date, there were limited prospective studies investigating the relationships between fatty acids and cardiometabolic disease outcomes in Chinese, and most existing studies were cross-sectional nature and within one or two region(s). Notably, shifting dietary patterns could change not only amount, types, and ratio of fatty acids accounting for overall energy intake, but also their food sources and ratio to other macronutrients. Moreover, large geographic and urban-rural variations in prevalence of cardiometabolic diseases among Chinese may also reflect the effects of socioeconomic development and local diets on health status. Therefore, current review will summarize available literatures with more focus on the Chinese-based studies which may extend current knowledge about the roles of fatty acids in pathogenesis of cardiometabolic diseases for Asian populations and also provide useful information for trans-ethnic comparisons with other populations.

The objective of the study was to assess adolescent learners' nutritional knowledge to suggest early intervention strategies that address knowledge deficiency gaps that have a negative impact on personal health and productivity.

A cross-sectional survey design was used in the study. One circuit was purposively selected from Pinetown District, KZN, South Africa. A representative sample of 108 learners was randomly selected from 7 of the 8 schools in the district to complete the investigator administered questionnaire between July and August 2017.

Although the majority of learners were familiar with the nutrition education principles, a large proportion lacked the knowledge of essential nutrition and were in support of the incorporation of various strategies to promote nutrition education. Friedman test revealed significant differences, χ

(3) = 192.4, p < 0.001, between the mean rank scores of familiarity to different nutrition principles. Relative to other principles, balanced diet and food groups were the most critical issues. The overall mean of 3.7 for learners' priority level on nutrition education principles indicated the learners' view that knowledge of all principles was necessary for the attainment of a healthy lifestyle.

Many learners were not familiar with nutrition education principles. Hence this paper becomes very critical as it communicates the information to the community and suggests various nutrition education intervention strategies that have to be put in place in the school system to impart the necessary knowledge and skills that promote a long-term healthy lifestyle for the learners.

Many learners were not familiar with nutrition education principles. Hence this paper becomes very critical as it communicates the information to the community and suggests various nutrition education intervention strategies that have to be put in place in the school system to impart the necessary knowledge and skills that promote a long-term healthy lifestyle for the learners.The development of prostate cancer (PCa) from androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) sensitive to castration resistant (CRPC) seriously impacts life quality and survival of PCa patients. Emerging evidence shows that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play vital roles in cancer initiation and progression. However, the inherited mechanisms of how lncRNAs participate in PCa progression and treatment resistance remain unclear. Here, we found that a long noncoding RNA LINC00675 was upregulated in androgen-insensitive PCa cell lines and CRPC patients, which promoted PCa progression both in vitro and in vivo. Knockdown of LINC00675 markedly suppressed tumor formation and attenuated enzalutamide resistance of PCa cells. Mechanistically, LINC00675 could directly modulate androgen receptor's (AR) interaction with mouse double minute-2 (MDM2) and block AR's ubiquitination by binding to it. Meanwhile, LINC00675 could bind to GATA2 mRNA and stabilize its expression level, in which GATA2 could act as a co-activator in the AR signaling pathway.