Haugaardritchie9036

These results proved the potential of using PHL as a nitrogen source to improve the RS composting process.The mechanical properties of normal soft tissues, including breast tissue, have been of interest to the biomedical research community as there are many clinical and industrial applications that can benefit from quantitative information characterizing such properties. For instance, computer assisted surgery planning, elastography for breast cancer diagnosis, and bra design can all involve biomechanical modeling of the breast to predict its deformation or stress distribution. It is known that most biological soft tissues, including breast tissue, exhibit nonlinear mechanical response over large strains. As such, it is necessary to model such tissues as hyperelastic. In this work, we used indentation testing to estimate the hyperelastic parameters of 4 models (3rd order Ogden, 5-term polynomial, Veronda-Westman and Yeoh) estimated from 72 healthy ex vivo breast tissue samples covering adipose, fibroglandular, and mixed tissue. All estimated parameter sets were confirmed to represent stable material using Drucker's stability criterion. We observed that all three tissue types were statistically similar solidifying the use of homogenous breast modelling over large strain simulation.

In the United States, racial disparities in maternal morbidity and mortality are pronounced and persistent. While the maternal mortality ratio (MMR) and severe maternal morbidity (SMM) rates have increased over the past 30 years, the number of obstetric (OB) units in the country has simultaneously diminished. Black women are 3 times more likely to die in childbirth than White women, and twice as likely to suffer SMM (or a near miss). this website Between 2003 and 2013, 366 (10%) of OB units closed, and rural OB unit closures were more likely in Black communities. The state of New Jersey (NJ) has the highest Black MMR (131.8/100,000 live births) of all states reporting this data. Very few studies have examined the role urban OB unit closures play in racial/ethnic disparities in maternal health outcomes.

To analyze racial differences in SMM in New Jersey hospitals among women experiencing the loss of their nearest OB unit during the years 2006-2015.

This study used data on all births in NJ hospitals (2006 - 2015) by we steps to prevent OB unit closures and to ensure that the resources available at Black-serving OBs are at least on par with those of other institutions.

Racial/ethnic disparities in SMM persist and might be exacerbated by nearby obstetric unit closures. In New Jersey ZIP codes with OB unit loss, the Hispanic-White gap in SMM widened substantially, and SMM rates were also higher among women who delivered in Black-serving hospitals. Policymakers should take steps to prevent OB unit closures and to ensure that the resources available at Black-serving OBs are at least on par with those of other institutions.According to current estimates, over 20% of the 4 million neonatal deaths globally every year is related to intrapartum hypoxic complications occurring as a result of uterine contractions against a background of inadequate placental function. The majority of such intrapartum complications occur among apparently uncomplicated term pregnancies. Available evidence suggests that current risk-assessment strategies do not adequately identify many of the fetuses that are vulnerable to periods of intermittent hypoxia that characterize human labor. In this review we discuss the available data on Doppler ultrasound for evaluation of placental function prior to and during labor in appropriately grown fetuses and current strategies for ultrasound-based risk stratification, physiology of intrapartum compromise as well as potential future treatments to prevent fetal distress in labor and reduce perinatal complications related to birth asphyxia.

This study explored how the phenomenon of meals appeared in the interrelationship between adolescents and young adults (AYAs) receiving high-emetogenic chemotherapy, their next of kin and health professionals in the clinical setting.

Data were collected by 140h of participant observation conducted to gain insights into the nature of how meals appeared in the interrelationship between 12 AYAs (age 15-29 years), their next-of-kin and health professionals. The AYAs were patients with oncological and haematological diseases recruited from three university hospital departments. Data analysis was guided by van Manen's hermeneutic-phenomenological approach.

The essential meaning of the phenomenon may be characterized by the overarching theme; 'Seeking the joy of meals in the shadow of treatment' and the following three themes 'Meals as a necessary evil' (AYAs); 'Meals as a matter of love' (next-of-kin); and 'Meals in the shadow of medical treatment' (health professionals).

Meals is a multi-facetted and complfindings revealed that adopting a holistic approach to AYAs concerning meals can have the potential to increase their food intake.

To compare the clinical outcomes of patients with and without early enteral nutrition after colorectal cancer surgery.

This is a retrospective comparative study using propensity score-matched cases. The study subjects were patients who received colorectal cancer resection surgeries during 2013 and 2018 in a Taiwan medical center. Data of the following variables were retrieved from subjects' medical records age, sex, diagnosis, pathological stage, surgical approach, comorbidity, risk of malnutrition, anesthesia duration, enteral nutrition, time to the first postoperative flatus, time to the first defecation, feeding associated symptoms, nutrition interruptions, time to achieve nutrition goals, postoperative complications, the length of hospital stay. Subjects who received enteral nutrition within 48h after the surgery were considered as the early enteral nutrition group.

After propensity score matching, 227 subjects in each group were included in the final analysis. The early enteral nutrition group showed better results in the time to first postoperative flatus (mean difference 0.96, 95% confidence interval 1.16~-0.76), the time to achieve nutrition goals (mean difference 1.26, 95% confidence interval 0.65~-1.87), and the length of hospital stay (mean difference 1.53, 95% confidence interval 2.56~-0.42), compared with the delayed enteral nutrition group. There were no between-group differences in the incidences of vomiting, distension, ileus, anastomosis leak, infection, re-operation, and interruptions of enteral nutrition.

Enteral feeding after colorectal cancer surgery can accelerate the recovery of gastrointestinal tract activities, promote nutrient intake, and shorten the length of hospital stay without increasing postoperative complications.

Enteral feeding after colorectal cancer surgery can accelerate the recovery of gastrointestinal tract activities, promote nutrient intake, and shorten the length of hospital stay without increasing postoperative complications.It has recently been shown that taste receptors, in addition to being present in the oral cavity, exist in various extra-oral organs and tissues such as the thyroid, lungs, skin, stomach, intestines, and pancreas. Although their physiological function is not yet fully understood, it appears that they can help regulate the body's homeostasis and provide an additional defense function against pathogens. Since the vast majority of drugs are bitter, the greatest pharmacological interest is in the bitter taste receptors. In this review, we describe how bitter taste 2 receptors (TAS2Rs) induce bronchodilation and mucociliary clearance in the airways, muscle relaxation in various tissues, inhibition of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) in thyrocytes, and release of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and ghrelin in the digestive system. In fact, substances such as dextromethorphan, chloroquine, methimazole and probably glimepiride, being agonists of TAS2Rs, lead to these effects. TAS2Rs and taste 1 receptors (TAS1R2/3) are G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR). TAS1R2/3 are responsible for sweet taste perception and may induce GLP-1 release and insulin secretion. Umami taste receptors, belonging to the same superfamily of receptors, perform a similar function with regard to insulin. The sour and salty taste receptors work in a similar way, both being channel receptors sensitive to amiloride. Finally, gene-protein coupled receptor 40 (GPR40) and GPR120 for fatty taste perception are also protein-coupled receptors and may induce GLP-1 secretion and insulin release, similar to those of other receptors belonging to the same superfamily.The white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei is exposed to hypoxic conditions in natural habitats and in shrimp farms. Hypoxia can retard growth, development and affect survival in shrimp. The hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) regulates many genes involved in glucose metabolism, antioxidant proteins, including metallothionein (MT) and apoptosis. In previous studies we found that the L. vannamei MT gene expression changed during hypoxia, and MT silencing altered cell apoptosis; in this study we investigated whether the silencing of HIF-1 affected MT expression and apoptosis. Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) was used to silence HIF-1α and HIF-1β under normoxia, hypoxia, and hypoxia plus reoxygenation. Expression of HIF-1α, HIF-1β and MT, and apoptosis in hemocytes or caspase-3 expression in gills, were measured at 0, 3, 24 and 48 h of hypoxia and hypoxia followed by 1 h of reoxygenation. The results showed that hemocytes HIF-1α expression was induced during hypoxia and reoxygenation at 3 h, while HIF-1β decreased at 24 and 48 h. In normoxia, HIF-1 silencing in hemocytes increased apoptosis at 3 h and decreased at 48 h; while in gills, caspase-3 increased at 3, 24 and 48 h. In hypoxia, HIF-1 silencing decreased apoptosis in hemocytes at 3 h, but caspase-3 increased in gills. During reoxygenation, apoptosis in hemocytes and caspase-3 in gills increased. During normoxia in hemocytes, silencing of HIF-1 decreased MT expression, but in gills, MT increased. During hypoxia and reoxygenation, silencing induced MT in hemocytes and gills. These results indicate HIF-1 differential participation in MT expression regulation and apoptosis during different oxygen conditions.

To compare the expulsion rates of the levonorgestrel (LNG) 52 mg intrauterine system (IUS) among women with heavy menstrual bleeding versus women using solely for contraception.

We conducted an audit study of 548 (8.8%) women with heavy menstrual bleeding and 5,655 (91.2%) users for contraception (comparison group) for four years in Campinas, Brazil. We retrieved sociodemographic data, expulsion rates, and variables associated to device placement. Among women with heavy menstrual bleeding, we placed the devices after the cessation of bleeding or after the reduction of menstrual flow.

Thirty-one of 548 (5.6%) women with heavy menstrual bleeding and 315 of 5,655 (5.6%) from the comparison group expelled the device. This constituted 7.8 expulsions/100 women-years in women with heavy menstrual bleeding and 10.3 expulsions/100 women-years from the comparison group (p = 0.94). Expulsion risk was associated with previous cesarean delivery in both groups (OR 1.93, 95% CI 1.36;2.74).

Expulsion rates of the LNG IUS among women with heavy menstrual bleeding whose IUS was placed after the cessation or reduction of bleeding were similar to expulsion rates among users for contraception.