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In addition, most of them recommended using YouTube as an anatomy-learning tool. Statistical analysis of the results revealed the presence of gender-related significant differences in students' perspectives. Such differences were also found among students of different levels of study. Conclusion Medical students have positive attitudes toward using YouTube in augmenting their anatomy learning. Selleck Defactinib For this, educators are encouraged to adopt YouTube as an educational tool in their anatomy instruction and to create new anatomy-related YouTube videos to enhance their students' learning. Copyright © 2020 Ayman G. Mustafa et al.Background The relationships between adipose tissue distribution and peak bone mineral density (BMD) in young adults are still unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the body composition associations between fat mass (FM), lean mass (LM), regional adipose tissue distribution, and peak BMD across a cohort of young Chinese adults. Methods Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans were performed on 786 men and 825 women aged from 20 to 40 years old to measure the markers for whole-body LM, FM, and BMD in the lumbar spine (LS), femoral neck (FN), and total hip (TH) areas. The android/gynoid FM ratio (A/G FMR) based on the DXA scans was calculated as an indicator of adipose tissue distribution. Pearson's correlation and multivariable linear regression analyses were conducted to determine the body composition relationships between adipose tissue distribution and BMD of each skeletal site. Results The body composition characteristics were different in young males and females a higher body FM percentage was found in females, while males had higher LM and A/G FMR. The markers for WBLM and WBFM had significant positive correlations with BMD among the linear regression analyses in both genders, while the relationships between A/G FMR and BMD were different in males and females; significant inverse associations were showed in all skeletal sites for women (standard β ranged from -0.266 to -0.170, P less then 0.001 for all), but no significant relationships were found in men except for an inverse association in the LS skeletal site (standard β with -0.115, P = 0.016). Conclusions In this sample of young Chinese adults, both whole-body lean mass and fat mass had significant positive relationships with BMD in both genders. The A/G FMR, as an indicator of central adipose tissue distribution, was inversely associated with BMD, especially in females. Copyright © 2020 Zeyu Xiao and Hao Xu.Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common arrhythmia contributing to severe outcomes, including cardiac dysfunction and stroke, and it has drawn great attention around the world. Drug therapies have been available for many years to terminate AF and control heart rate. However, the results from clinical studies on drug therapies have been discouraging. Mounting evidence indicates that radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) is a safe and effective method to maintain sinus rhythm, especially in patients who are drug intolerant or for whom the drugs are ineffective, although it is a technically demanding and complex procedure. Fortunately, a novel application, cryoballoon ablation (CBA), with outstanding characteristics has been widely used. Great outcomes based on CBA have manifested its significant role in the treatment of AF. However, how to improve the safety and efficacy of CBA is a question that has not been well-answered. Would it be helpful to develop a different generation of cryoballoon? Is bonus freezing beneficial, or not? Is it better to prolong freezing time? Dose CBA combined with RFCA bring higher success rates? In this review, we comprehensively summarized useful applications for improving outcomes of CBA in AF patients. Copyright © 2020 Ying Huang et al.Objective A survival risk assessment model associated with a lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) microenvironment was established and evaluated to identify effective independent prognostic factors for LUAD. Methods The public data were downloaded from the TCGA database, and ESTIMATE prediction software was used to score immune cells and stromal cells for tumor purity prediction. The samples were divided into the high-score group and the low-score group by the median value of the immune score (or stromal score). The Wilcoxon test was used for differential analysis. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was performed using "clusterProfiler" of R package. Meanwhile, univariate and multivariate regression analysis was performed on DEGs to construct a multivariate Cox risk regression model with variable gene expression levels as independent prognostic factors affecting a tumor microenvironment (TME) and tumor immunity. Results This study found that LUAD patients with high immune cell (stromal cell) infiltration had better prognosis and were in earlier staging. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that most DEGs were related to the proliferation and activation of immune cells or stromal cells. A survival prediction model composed of 6 TME-related genes (CLEC17A, TAGAP, ABCC8, BCAN, FLT3, and CCR2) was established, and finally, the 6 feature genes closely related to the prognosis of LUAD were proved. The AUC value of the ROC curve in this model was 0.7, indicating that the model was reliable. Conclusion Six genes related to the LUAD microenvironment have a predictive prognostic value in LUAD. Copyright © 2020 Zhitian Wang et al.Despite the wide application of carvacrol (CAR) in medicines, dietary supplements, and foods, there is still insufficient electrophysiological data on the mechanisms of action of CAR, particularly with regard to heart function. Therefore, in this study, we attempted to elucidate whether CAR, whose inhibitory effect on both cardiac and vascular TRPM7 and L-type Ca2+ currents has been demonstrated previously, could modify cardiac electrical activity. We used a combination of optical mapping and microelectrode techniques to track the action potentials (APs) and the spread of electrical activity in a Langendorff-perfused rabbit heart model during atrial/endo/epicardial pacing. Simultaneously, ECG recordings were acquired. Because human trials on CAR are still lacking, we tested the action of CAR on human ventricular preparations obtained from explanted hearts. Activation time (AT), AP duration (APD), and conduction velocity maps were constructed. We demonstrated that at a low concentration (10 μM) of CAR, only marginal changes in the AP parameters were observed.