Haslundjensen0213
The efficiency of the microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) technique on recovering nutritional and bioactive oils from salmon (Salmo salar) side streams was evaluated and compared to Soxhlet extraction. The response surface methodology (RSM) coupled with a central composite rotatable design was used to optimize time, microwave power, and solid/liquid ratio of the MAE process in terms of oil yield. The optimal MAE conditions were 14.6 min, 291.9 W, 80.1 g/L for backbones, 10.8 min, 50.0 W, 80.0 g/L for heads, and 14.3 min, 960.6 W, 99.5 g/L for viscera, which resulted in a recovery of 69% of the total lipid content for backbones and heads and 92% for viscera. The oils obtained under optimal MAE conditions showed a healthy lipid profile as well as cytotoxic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, or antimicrobial properties. These results highlight that oils from underutilized salmon by-products could be exploited by different industrial sectors under the circular economy approach.Blue wheat starch was modified by heat-moisture treatment (HMT) with varying moisture contents (MCs). Changes in physicochemical properties were evaluated on the basis of its multi-scale structure. Following HMTs with MC below 30 %, the starch remained brighter and presented total phenolics content up to 0.20 mg/g. As treating MC increased, structural disruptions became more pronounced, which were characterized by crystallinity loss, lamellae's loosening, hydrogen bonding breakage, and debranching. Furthermore, HMTs decreased the proportion of external A chains of amylopectin. Concomitantly, modified starches showed progressively increased transition temperatures but decreased enthalpy values. Despite the swelling power decrease, HMTs with MC of 15 % showed markedly higher peak viscosity than control, as a result of the more compact semi-crystalline lamellae and homogenous electron distribution. Besides, all HMT-starches showed lowered breakdown and setback. This novel modified starch would be promising ingredients for modulating the viscoelasticity of healthy anti-staling staple foods.Many peptides exhibit beneficial physiological functions, but their application in foods is limited because of their undesirable taste and their tendency to degrade when exposed to gastrointestinal conditions. In this study, water-in-oil high internal phase emulsions (W/O HIPEs) were used to encapsulate bitter peptides. A combination of confocal fluorescence and electron microscopy was used to confirm the formation of W/O HIPEs. The presence of high concentrations of bitter peptides increased the apparent shear viscosity, shear modulus and sedimentation stability. They also improved the oxidative stability of the HIPEs. Electronic-tongue and sensory analysis showed that encapsulated peptides within the HIPEs substantially reduced their bitterness. Moreover, a simulated gastrointestinal study showed that W/O HIPEs protected peptides from being released in the stomach. Our results show that W/O HIPEs can be used to mask the bitterness and improve the gastrointestinal stability of peptides, which may increase their utilization as bioactive ingredients in foods.
Blueberry is rich in bioactive substances and has anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, anti-cancer, neuroprotective, and other activities. Blueberry has been shown to treat diseases by mediating the transcription of nuclear receptors. However, evidence for nuclear receptor-mediated health benefits of blueberry has not been systematically reviewed.
This review aims to summarize the nuclear receptor-mediated health benefits of blueberry.
This study reviews all relevant literature published in NCBI PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar by January 2022. The relevant literature was extracted from the databases with the following keyword combinations "biological activities" OR "nuclear receptors" OR "phytochemicals" AND "blueberry" OR "Vaccinium corymbosum" as well as free-text words.
In vivo and in vitro experimental results and clinical evidence have demonstrated that blueberry has health-promoting effects. Supplementing blueberry is beneficial to the treatment of cancer, the alleviation of metabolic syndrome, and liver protection. Blueberry can regulate the transcription of PPARs, ERs, AR, GR, MR, LXRs, and FXR and mediate the expressions of Akt, CYP 1Al, p53, and Bcl-2.
Blueberry can be targeted to treat various diseases by mediating the transcription of nuclear receptors. Nevertheless, further human research is needed.
Blueberry can be targeted to treat various diseases by mediating the transcription of nuclear receptors. Nevertheless, further human research is needed.
Dahuang Zhechong pill (DHZCP) improves the inhibitory immune status of mice with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by regulating Treg/Th1 balance.
To study the multi-material basis and multi-mechanisms of DHZCP against HCC by regulating Treg/Th1 balance in vitro and in vivo.
UPLC-MS/MS was used to detect the dynamic changes in 29 characteristic components of different polar parts of DHZCP. H&E and TUNEL were used to check pathological condition in HCC mice. The number of CD4
T, CD8
T, Treg, Th1, and Th1-like Treg cells was counted by flow cytometry. TGF-β, IL-10, IFN-γ, and TNF-α content were detected by ELISA. α-Ketoglutarate and glutamine levels were detected by Trace1310/TSQ8000 GC-MS/MS. p-Smad2, and p-Smad3 protein levels were detected by WB, mRNA expression of Smad2, alanine-serine-cysteine transporter-2, glutaminase, and glutamate dehydrogenase were detected by RT-PCR. Simca-p multivariate data analysis software was used to evaluate the relationship between the different polar parts of DHZCP armacodynamic evaluations to identify the pharmacodynamic substances of DHZCP in regulating Treg/Th1 balance, and clarified the multi-target mechanism of DHZCP to improve tumor immunity. The study style offers a novel approach for pharmacological research on TCM.
In this study, accurate analysis of multi-component was combined with pharmacodynamic evaluations to identify the pharmacodynamic substances of DHZCP in regulating Treg/Th1 balance, and clarified the multi-target mechanism of DHZCP to improve tumor immunity. The study style offers a novel approach for pharmacological research on TCM.
Nobiletin is a polymethoxylated flavone from citrus fruit peels. Among other bioactivities, it acts antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and cardiovascular-protective. Nobiletin exerts profound anticancer activity in vitro and in vivo but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood.
The aim was to unravel the multiple modes of action against cancer cells by bioinformatic and transcriptomic techniques and their verification by molecular pharmacological methods.
The in silico methods used were COMPARE analysis of transcriptomic data, signaling pathway analysis, transcription factor binding motif analysis in promoter sequences of target genes, and molecular docking. The in vitro methods used were resazurin assay, isobologram analysis, generation of stably SOX5-tranfected cells, and Western blotting.
Nobiletin was cytotoxic against a wide range of cell lines from different tumor types, including diverse phenotypes to established anticancer drugs (e.g., P-glycoprotein, ABCB5, p53, EGFR)therapy with broad-spectrum activity and multiple modes of action. The identification of novel targets (i.e., SOX5) may allow its use for targeted tumor therapy in individualized treatment protocols.
The clinical treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC) is limited. A traditional Chinese medicinal formula, Huangqin decoction (HQD), is chronicled in Shang Han Lun and is widely used to ameliorate gastrointestinal disorders, such as UC; however, its mechanism is yet to be clarified.
The present study aimed to investigate the effect of HQD on 7-day colitis induced by 3% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in mice and further explore the inhibitory effect of metabolites on DSS-damaged FHC cells.
The therapeutic efficacy of HQD was evaluated in a well-established DSS-induced colitis mice model. The clinical symptoms were analyzed, and biological samples were collected for microscopic examination, metabolomics, metagenomics, and the evaluation of the epithelial barrier function. selleck inhibitor The mechanism of metabolites regulated by HQD was evaluated in the DSS-induced FHC cell damage model. The samples were collected to detect the physiological functions of the cells.
HQD suppressed the inflammation of DSS-induced colitis in vitecting the intestinal mucosal barrier integrity.
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint complaint resulting in pain, disability, and loss of quality of life. On the other hand, ginsenoside-Rb1 is a plant product derived from ginseng that possesses immune-regulation and anti-inflammatory activities. However, it has been reported that different rout of administration but hydrogel-based Ginsenoside-Rb1 in an OA rabbit model has not been investigated.
The aim of this study was to investigate the potential effects of ginsenoside-Rb1 such as anti-arthritic activity in a rabbit knee OA model via NF- κB, PI3K/Akt, and P38/(MAPK) pathways.
In the current study, rabbit osteoarthritis was induced by hollow trephine on the femur trochlea and the hydrogel-based Ginsenoside-Rb1 sheets were inserted on the rabbit knee to assess the anti-arthritis activity of ginsenoside-Rb1 which is sustained release.
After the hydrogel-based Rb1 sheet insert on the rabbit knee, macroscopic and micro CT was performed for investigation of chondroprotective effect. Matrix metaect group. Furthermore, the NF- κB, PI3K/Akt, and P38/(MAPK) pathways were downregulated by hydrogel-Rb1 while the disease model showed upstream. In the meantime, MMP expression level was considerably down-regulated.
Our results indicate the protective effect of ginsenoside-Rb1 against OA pathogenesis through prevention of apoptosis with suppression of ROS production and activation of NF-κB signaling through downregulation of the MAPK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways.
Our results indicate the protective effect of ginsenoside-Rb1 against OA pathogenesis through prevention of apoptosis with suppression of ROS production and activation of NF-κB signaling through downregulation of the MAPK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways.The effectiveness of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and therapeutic antibodies have been limited by the continuous emergence of viral variants and by the restricted diffusion of antibodies from circulation into the sites of respiratory virus infection. Here, we report the identification of two highly conserved regions on the Omicron variant receptor-binding domain recognized by broadly neutralizing antibodies. Furthermore, we generated a bispecific single-domain antibody that was able to simultaneously and synergistically bind these two regions on a single Omicron variant receptor-binding domain as revealed by cryo-EM structures. We demonstrated that this bispecific antibody can be effectively delivered to lung via inhalation administration and exhibits exquisite neutralization breadth and therapeutic efficacy in mouse models of SARS-CoV-2 infections. Importantly, this study also deciphered an uncommon and highly conserved cryptic epitope within the spike trimeric interface that may have implications for the design of broadly protective SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and therapeutics.
