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. In conclusion, AE2C transplantation during fibrogenic phases of the disease improves lung performance, structure and surfactant ultrastructure in bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis.Introduction Biliary duct injury (BDI) is a serious complication during cholecystectomy. Perioperative cholangiography (POC) has recently been generating interest in order to prevent BDI. However, the current literature (including randomized controlled trials) cannot conclude whether POC is protective or not against the risk of BDI. The aim of our study was to investigate whether POC could demonstrate earlier BDI and which criteria are required to make that diagnosis. Methods We performed a retrospective study between 2005 and 2018 in our French tertiary referral center, which included all patients who had presented following BDI during cholecystectomy. Results Twenty-two patients were included. Nine patients had POC, whereas 13 did not. When executed, POC was interpreted as normal for three patients and abnormal for six. In this latter group, only two cases had a BDI diagnosed intraoperatively. In other cases, the interpretation was not adequate. Conclusion BDIs are rare but may reduce patients' quality of life. Our study highlights the surgeon's responsibility to learn how to perform and interpret POC in order to diagnose and manage BDIs and potentially avoid catastrophic consequences.Large congenital melanocytic nevus has a high risk of malignancy. However, few studies have summarized its characteristics, treatments, outcomes and malignancy incidence in Chinese patients. This paper reviews a retrospective cohort study evaluating 1,171 patients from Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital between 1 January 1989 and 31 August 2019 using electronic medical records and phone calls to collect clinical and pathological data in which 133 patients were diagnosed with a large congenital melanocytic nevus. Three patients relapsed, and none developed melanoma among the qualified patients. Besides, a new "7B" rule for distribution patterns of large congenital melanocytic nevi was proposed, including bonce, bolero, back, bathing trunk, breast/belly, body extremity, and body. The most common distribution pattern of large congenital melanocytic nevi was bonce, and all blue nevi distributed as bonce. Statistical analysis showed a significant difference (P = 0.0249) in the "7B" patterns between the melanocytic nevus and the neuronevus. In conclusion, the malignancy rate of large congenital melanocytic nevi is much lower in China than in other regions and people of other races. selleckchem The pathology of large congenital melanocytic nevus may decide its "7B" distribution pattern.Seqenenre-Taa-II, The Brave, (c.1558-1553 BC) ruled Southern Egypt during the occupation of Egypt by the Hyksos. The mummy was physically examined and X-rayed in the 1960s, which showed severe head wounds that have prompted various theories about the circumstances of his death. We postulated that Computed Tomography (CT) study of Seqenenre-Taa-II's mummy would give insights into the circumstances of his death. We examined Seqenenre's mummy using CT and compared the findings with the archaeological literature as well as with five Asian weapons found in Tell-el-Dabaa. CT findings indicate that Seqenenre died in his forties. The mummies deformed hands suggest that the King was likely imprisoned with his hands tied. CT images provided detailed analysis of Seqenenre's previously reported injuries to the forehead, right supra-orbital, nose-right orbit, left chick, and skull base. This study revealed additional craniofacial fractures in the right lateral side of the skull that had been concealed by the embalmers bentter understand the circumstances of his violent death. His death motivated his successors to continue the fight to unify Egypt and start The New Kingdom.Benign naevi are closely linked to melanoma, as risk factors, simulators, or sites of melanoma formation. There is a heavy genetic overlap between the two lesions, a shared environmental influence of ultraviolet radiation, and many similar cellular features, yet naevi remain locally situated while melanomas spread from their primary site and may progress systemically to distal organs. Untangling the overlapping contributors and predictors of naevi and melanoma is an ongoing area of research and should eventually lead to more personalized prevention and treatment strategies, through the development of melanoma risk stratification tools and early detection of evolving melanomas. This will be achieved through a range of complementary strategies risk-adjusted primary prevention counseling; the use of lesion imaging technologies such as sequential 3D total body photography and consumer-performed lesion imaging; artificial intelligence deep phenotyping and clinical assistance; a better understanding of genetic drivers of malignancy, risk variants, clinical genetics, and polygenic effects; and the interplay between genetics, phenotype and the environment.Although all cancers are molecularly distinct, many share common driver mutations. Pan-cancer analysis, utilizes next-generation sequencing (NGS), pan-cancer model systems, and pan-cancer projects such as The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), to assess frequently mutated genes and other genomic abnormalities that are common among many cancer types, regardless of the tumor origin, providing new directions for tumor biology research. However, there is currently no study that has objectively analyzed the results of pan-cancer studies on cancer biology. For this study, 999 articles on pan-cancer published from 2006 to 2020 were obtained from the Scopus database, and bibliometric methods were used to analyze citations, international cooperation, co-authorship and keyword co-occurrence clusters. Furthermore, we also focused on and summarized the application of pan-cancer in breast cancer. Our result shows that the pan-cancer studies were first published in 2006 and entered a period of rapid development after 2013. So far, 86 countries have carried out international cooperation in sharing research. Researchers form the United States and Canada have published the most articles and have made the most extensive contribution to this field, respectively. Through author keyword analysis of the 999 articles, TCGA, biomarkers, NGS, immunotherapy, DNA methylation, prognosis, and several other keywords appear frequently, and these terms are hot spots in pan-cancer studies. There are four subtypes of breast cancer (luminalA, luminalB, HER2, and basal-like) according to pan-cancer analysis of breast cancer. Meanwhile, it was found that breast cancer has genetic similarity to pan-gynecological cancers, such as ovarian cancer, which indicates related etiology and possibly similar treatments. Collectively, with the emergence of new detection methods, new cancer databases, and the involvement of more researchers, pan-cancer analyses will play a greater role in cancer biology research.Background The impact of delivery mode on the infection rates of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the newborn remains unknown. We aimed to summarize the existing literature on COVID-19 infection during pregnancy to evaluate which mode of delivery is better for preventing possible vertical transmission from a pregnant mother confirmed with COVID-19 to a neonate. Methods We performed a comprehensive literature search of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and the Chinese Biomedical Literature database (CBM) from 31 December 2019 to 18 June 2020. We applied no language restrictions. We screened abstracts for relevance, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias in duplicate. We rated the certainty of evidence using the GRADE approach. The primary outcome was severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) test positivity in neonates born to mothers with confirmed COVID-19 following different delivery modes. Secondary outcomes were neonatal deaths and maternal donclusions The rate of neonatal COVID-19 infection, neonatal deaths, and maternal deaths are no greater when the mother gave birth through vaginal delivery. Based on the evidence available, there is no sufficient evidence supporting that the cesarean section is better than vaginal delivery in preventing possible vertical transmission from a pregnant mother confirmed with COVID-19 to a neonate. The mode of birth should be individualized and based on disease severity and obstetric indications. Additional good-quality studies with comprehensive serial tests from multiple specimens are urgently needed. Study registration PROSPERO CRD42020194049.Background and Objective Diabetes mellitus (DM) is reportedly a significant risk factor for intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). Incretin system and particularly glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) because of its glucose-lowering effects has become an important target in therapeutic strategies of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Liraglutide is a GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonist with glucoregulatory and insulinotropic functions as well as regulatory functions on cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. However, little is known on the roles and signaling pathways of apoptosis protecting effects of liraglutide in IDD. This study aimed to investigate the potential protective effects of liraglutide against high glucose-induced apoptosis of nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) and the possible involved signaling pathways. Methods The human NPCs were incubated with 100 nM liraglutide alone or in combination with LY294002 (PI3K inhibitor), rapamycin (mTOR inhibitor), and SB216763 (GSK3β inhibitor) in a high glucose culture fd the caspase-3 levels. Conclusion Liraglutide could protect NPCs against high glucose-induced apoptosis by activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR/caspase-3 and PI3K/AKT/GSK3β/caspase-3 signaling pathways.Rationale Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can cause disruption of the renin-angiotensin system in the lungs, possibly contributing to pulmonary capillary leakage. Thus, angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) may improve respiratory failure. Objective Assess safety of losartan for use in respiratory failure related to COVID-19 (NCT04335123). Methods Single arm, open label trial of losartan in those hospitalized with respiratory failure related to COVID-19. Oral losartan (25 mg daily for 3 days, then 50 mg) was administered from enrollment until day 14 or hospital discharge. A post-hoc external control group with patients who met all inclusion criteria was matched 11 to the treatment group using propensity scores for comparison. Measures Primary outcome was cumulative incidence of any adverse events. Secondary, explorative endpoints included measures of respiratory failure, length of stay and vital status. Results Of the 34 participants enrolled in the trial, 30 completed the study with a mean age SD of 53.8 ± 17.7 years and 17 males (57%). On losartan, 24/30 (80%) experienced an adverse event as opposed to 29/30 (97%) of controls, with a lower average number of adverse events on losartan relative to control (2.2 vs. 3.3). Using Poisson regression and controlling for age, sex, race, date of enrollment, disease severity at enrollment, and history of high-risk comorbidities, the incidence rate ratio of adverse events on losartan relative to control was 0.69 (95% CI 0.49-0.97) Conclusions Losartan appeared safe for COVID-19-related acute respiratory compromise. To assess true efficacy, randomized trials are needed.