Hartsong9140

The diagnosis of adjustment disorder is common in clinical practice, yet there is lack of research on the etiology and epidemiology of adjustment disorders. The goal of this systematic review was to evaluate predictors of adjustment disorders in adults.

We conducted systematic searches in MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PsycINFO. We included 70 studies that examined thirteen theoretically-derived and predefined predictors of adjustment disorders with a total of 3,449,374 participants.

We found that female gender, younger age, unemployed status, stress, physical illness and injury, low social support, and a history of mental health disorders predicted adjustment disorders. Most of these predictors differentiated individuals with adjustment disorders from individuals with no mental health disorders. Participants with adjustment disorders were more likely to have experienced accidents than were those with posttraumatic stress disorder but were less likely to have experienced assaults and abuse, neglect, and maltreatment. More research is needed to identify factors that differentiate adjustment disorders from other mental health disorders.

Because very few studies adjusted for confounders (e.g., demographic variables, mental health histories, and a variety of stressors), it was not possible to identify independent associations between predictors and adjustment disorders.

We identified a number of factors that predicted adjustment disorders compared to no mental health diagnosis. The majority of studies were rated as moderate or high in risk of bias, suggesting that more rigorous research is needed to confirm the relationships we detected.

We identified a number of factors that predicted adjustment disorders compared to no mental health diagnosis. The majority of studies were rated as moderate or high in risk of bias, suggesting that more rigorous research is needed to confirm the relationships we detected.

Theory of mind (ToM) is a social-cognitive skill that involves the ability to understand the thoughts and feelings of others. Evidence is mixed regarding the extent of ToM ability in individuals with depression.

We conducted a meta-analysis of 43 studies to investigate the strength of the association between ToM and depression.

Results indicated significant, small- to moderate impairment in ToM with a medium overall effect size (g=-0.398) in individuals with depression. Moderator analyses compared effect sizes across groups for the following variables ToM content, process, and sample type. Additionally, meta-regression analyses tested age and gender as continuous moderators.

The cross-sectional nature of included studies limits this meta-analysis from clarifying temporal or bidirectional relations.

We discuss findings in the context of the extant developmental, cognitive, social, and clinical literatures. We also suggest several possible explanations for these findings and offer implications for intervention.

We discuss findings in the context of the extant developmental, cognitive, social, and clinical literatures. We also suggest several possible explanations for these findings and offer implications for intervention.Mental health disorders are amongst the leading contributors to the burden of disease and need to be prioritised in policy making and program implementation. In the absence of mental healthcare, people often navigate their own social support and activate individual coping mechanisms to sustain their emotional well-being. Few South African studies conceptualise and evaluate the strategies people use to manage adverse situations in non-clinical samples. We conducted two related ethnographic studies of stress and coping in Soweto (n = 107). We then used the studies to develop a novel scale to measure local forms of coping and evaluated its use in an epidemiological surveillance study (n = 933). In a split sample analysis, we first conducted exploratory factor analyses and then a comparative fit index assessment. In the exploratory factor analysis, we obtained a two-factor solution problem-focused/emotional coping and religious coping. In the confirmatory factor analysis, both domains had good model fit above the conservative ≥ 0.95 cut-off, and both factors had adequate internal consistency (religious coping = 0.72; problem/emotion focused coping = 0.69). Both the problem-focused/emotional and the religious coping subscales were positively correlated with quality of life, except that the religious coping subscale was not correlated with social relationships. Total adverse childhood experiences were correlated with the problem-focused/emotional coping subscale but not with the religious coping subscale. We conclude that the Soweto Coping Scale provides a novel understanding of local forms of coping and can be used by mental healthcare researchers and providers who seek to develop interventions for promoting mental health and social well-being.

Mental health treatment is scarce and little resources are invested in reducing the wide treatment gap that exists in the Americas. The regional barriers are unknown. We describe the barriers for not seeking treatment among those with mental and substance use disorders from six (four low- and middle-income and two high-income) countries from the Americas. Regional socio-demographic and clinical correlates are assessed.

Respondents (n=4648) from seven World Mental Health surveys carried out in Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Mexico, Peru, and the United States, who met diagnostic criteria for a 12-month mental disorder, measured with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview, and who did not access treatment, were asked about treatment need and, among those with need, structural and attitudinal barriers. Country-specific deviations from regional estimates were evaluated through logistic models.

In the Americas, 43% of those that did not access treatment did not perceive treatment need, while the rest reported structural and attitudinal barriers. Overall, 27% reported structural barriers, and 95% attitudinal barriers. The most frequent attitudinal barrier was to want to handle it on their own (69.4%). Being female and having higher severity of disorders were significant correlates of greater perceived structural and lower attitudinal barriers, with few country-specific variations.

Only six countries in the Americas are represented; the cross-sectional nature of the survey precludes any causal interpretation.

Awareness of disorder or treatment need in various forms is one of the main barriers reported in the Americas and it specially affects persons with severe disorders.

Awareness of disorder or treatment need in various forms is one of the main barriers reported in the Americas and it specially affects persons with severe disorders.

The purpose of this study was to construct a cross-sectional study to predict the risk of bullying victimization among adolescents.

The study recruited 17,365 Chinese adolescents using stratified random cluster sampling method. The classical regression methods (logistic regression and Lasso regression) and machine learning model were combined to identify the most significant predictors of bullying victimization. Nomogram was built based on multivariable logistic regression model. The discrimination, calibration and generalization of nomogram were evaluated by the receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC), the calibration curve and a high-quality external validation.

Grade, gender, peer violence, family violence, body mass index, family structure, depressive symptoms and Internet addiction, recognized as the best combination, were included in the multivariable regression. The nomogram established based on the non-overfitting multivariable model was verified by internal validation (Area Under Curve 0.749) and external validation (Area Under Curve 0.755), showing decent prediction of discrimination, calibration and generalization.

Comprehensive nomogram constructed in this study was a useful and convenient tool to evaluate the risk of bullying victimization of adolescents. It is helpful for health-care professionals to assess the risk of bullying victimization among adolescents, and to identify high-risk groups and take more effective preventive measures.

Comprehensive nomogram constructed in this study was a useful and convenient tool to evaluate the risk of bullying victimization of adolescents. RZ-2994 supplier It is helpful for health-care professionals to assess the risk of bullying victimization among adolescents, and to identify high-risk groups and take more effective preventive measures.

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is prevalent, and highly comorbid with physical illnesses. Few longitudinal studies have investigated the relationship between physical health conditions and MDD. The objectives of this study were to investigate the comorbid relationship between physical conditions and MDD, and the association between physical conditions and the 2-year risk of MDD.

A study was conducted in first-year Chinese university students (n=8,079) over two and half years, using a longitudinal design. An adapted version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI - 3.0) was used to assess for MDD. The presence of physician diagnosed physical conditions was assessed using ten self-report questions. Cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between self-reported physical conditions and MDD were estimated, adjusting for possible confounders.

The most frequently reported physical conditions were migraines, chronic rhinitis, and gastritis. We found that migraines, gastritis, and stomachation can be used to prevent MDD.

The association of depression with mortality and the significance of explanatory factors, in particularly gender, have remained an issue of debate. We therefore aimed to estimate the effect of depression on all-cause mortality, to examine potential explanatory factors and to assess effect modification by gender.

We used Cox regression models to estimate the effect of depression on mortality based on data from the Gutenberg Health Study, which is a prospective cohort study of the adult population in the districts of Mainz and Mainz-Bingen, Germany. Baseline assessment was between 2007 and 2012. Effect modification by gender was measured on both additive and multiplicative scales.

Out of 14,653 participants, 7.7% were depressed according to Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9), and 1,059 (7.2%) died during a median follow-up of 10.7 years. Depression elevated the risk of mortality in men and women in age-adjusted models (HR 1.41, 95%-CI 1.03-1.92; resp. HR 1.96, 95%-CI 1.43-2.69). Adjustment for social .

Trauma experience increases the risk of suicidal ideation, but little is known about potentially psychological mechanisms underlying this relationship. This study aims to examine the relationship between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related traumatic event (CTE) exposure and suicidal ideation among hospital workers, and identify mediating roles of sleep disturbances in this relationship.

Workers in seven designated hospitals in Wuhan, China, were invited to participate in an online survey from May 27, 2020, to July 31, 2020. Participants completed a self-report questionnaire to evaluate demographic characteristics, level of CTE exposures, nightmare frequency, insomnia severity, symptoms of depression and anxiety, and suicidal ideation. A series of correlation analyses were performed, and a mediation model was generated to examine correlations between CTE exposure, sleep disturbances, and suicidal ideation.

A total of 16,220 hospital workers were included in the final analysis, 13.3% of them reported suicidal ideation in the past month.