Hartshields6687

A novel, to the best of our knowledge, and simple heterodyne interferometer that uses spatially separated input beams to minimize the influence of the periodic nonlinearity is constructed. A custom designed polarizing beam displacer is used to split the input beams to parallel outputs with orthogonal polarizations, which provides a balanced path and completely symmetric structure for the interferometer. This novel optical setup suppresses the nonlinearity caused by the frequency and polarization mixing, and the very simple optical structure makes the interferometer less susceptible to environmental turbulence with potential use in many sensor applications. Experiments have confirmed that the interferometer maintains sub-nanometer nonlinearities in the laboratory environment.We propose an off-axis deflectometric microscope system for microscopic surface testing with both high measurement accuracy and a large slope dynamic range. A high-luminance liquid crystal display directly illuminates the tested sample with coded fringes, and then the reflected fringes passing through a microscope objective are captured by a pinhole camera, from which the deflectometric microscopic testing with a large slope range can be achieved. The accuracy of the proposed system is validated numerically and experimentally, and a large measurable slope dynamic range is also demonstrated. The proposed system provides a feasible way with the slope range in the order of sub-radians and sag resolution better than 0.05 nm.High-harmonic spectra in solids driven by linearly polarized laser pulses contain diverse polarization dependence and fine modulation in the harmonic yields. In this work, we attribute the direction-dependent features of harmonic yields to the collective roles of tunneling rate, quantum-path interference, and joint density of state (JDOS). In addition, we distinguish the dominant contribution between quantum-path interference and the Van Hove singularity of JDOS, and demonstrate that the emergence of spectral enhancement in the vicinity of cutoff frequency is determined by the Van Hove singularity of JDOS. Polarization-resolved high-harmonic spectra are a promising spectroscopic tool to probe the electronic structure and dynamics in solids and thus open a door to measure Van Hove singularities and the energy band with high-resolution crystal momentum.We present an approach for the generation of an adaptive sigmoid-like and PReLU nonlinear activation function of an all-optical perceptron, exploiting the bistability of an injection-locked Fabry-Perot semiconductor laser. The profile of the activation function can be tailored by adjusting the injection-locked side-mode order, frequency detuning of the input optical signal, Henry factor, or bias current. The universal fitting function for both families of the activation functions is presented.In this Letter, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a novel, to the best of our knowledge, sparse deep neural network-based nonlinear equalizer (SDNN-NLE). By identifying only the significant weight coefficients, our approach remarkably reduces the computational complexity, while still upholding the desired transmission accuracy. The insignificant weights are pruned in two phases identifying the significance of each weight by pre-training the fully connected DNN-NLE with an adaptive L2-regularization and then pruning those insignificant ones away with a pre-defined sparsity. An experimental demonstration is conducted on a 112 Gbps PAM4 link over 40 km standard single-mode fiber with a 25 GHz externally modulated laser in O-band. Our experimental results illustrate that, for the 112 Gbps PAM4 signal at a received optical power of -5dBm over 40 km, the proposed SDNN-NLE exhibits promising solutions to effectively mitigate nonlinear distortions and outperforms a conventional fully connected Volterra equalizer (VE), conventional fully connected DNN-NLE, and sparse VE by providing 71%, 63%, and 41% complexity reduction, respectively, without degrading the system performance.

The area of pediatric hypertension (HTN) research has seen substantial progress over the last two decades, but no bibliometric analysis has yet been undertaken to describe these advances. This study aims to describe the published research examining HTN in children and adolescents from 2000 to 2018.

Articles were retrieved using PubMed and the Web of Science. Analyses were performed to quantify the evolution of scientific output, identifying the leading journals, authors, and countries as well as the existing collaboration networks. Likewise, we identified the most cited articles, describing their document type, main topic focus, and the age of the patients studied.

In total, we identified 8317 articles in the Web of Science. The annual number of publications doubled over the study period. Articles were published in 1415 journals, mainly in the categories of Peripheral & Vascular Diseases and Pediatrics. The USA dominated scientific production in the field. Regarding researcher productivity, the top 202 authors participated in 20% of the articles, and there were 47 stable research clusters, with the largest component made up of 17 authors. Altogether, there were 145 most cited articles, with an irregular annual distribution; about half focus on HTN itself, while the rest study associated disorders and conditions.

This is the first study to analyze scientific output on HTN in children and adolescents. The snapshot that emerges is of a research area that is growing but is still in a relatively early phase of development.

This is the first study to analyze scientific output on HTN in children and adolescents. The snapshot that emerges is of a research area that is growing but is still in a relatively early phase of development.

Investigate associations between occupational injury to parents and the psychological well-being of their children.

We used multiple logistic regression to examine effects of occupational injury to parents on measures of psychological well-being among their children using National Health Interview Survey data from 2012 through 2016.

Children of injured workers exhibited greater impairment than children of workers who had not sustained injuries for four of five measures of emotional and behavioral functioning that were hypothesized to differentiate these two child groups. A significant group difference was not observed for a sixth behavioral measure that was expected to be insensitive to parent occupational injury.

Study findings heighten concern over downstream effects of occupational injury and signal need for more expansive investigation of these effects and mitigation strategies among children of injured workers.

Study findings heighten concern over downstream effects of occupational injury and signal need for more expansive investigation of these effects and mitigation strategies among children of injured workers.

Because nonfatal and fatal incidents for stranded motorists are not separated from vehicular accidents, little data are available on incident characteristics. To close this gap, data fields were inserted into databases at a medical examiner's office and two trauma centers to collect injury-related information. Forensic nurses and pathologists aided in forming a collaboration among the agencies involved and supported data collection efforts. Data collected over a 5-year period were examined for injury patterns to determine risk factors affecting these patterns. Of the total sample (N = 219), 24.7% had spinal injuries resulting in fatal injuries for 46 of 54 individuals. The odds were stranded motorists with spine-related injuries (C1-C7) had 9.13 times higher risk for a fatal outcome compared with those without spine-related injuries. Severe injuries (Abbreviated Injury Scale scores ≥ 4) noted for head/neck (29.7%) and chest (24.2%) were significantly associated with fatality. Of the 219 cases, 22.8% were in total sample (N = 219), 24.7% had spinal injuries resulting in fatal injuries for 46 of 54 individuals. The odds were stranded motorists with spine-related injuries (C1-C7) had 9.13 times higher risk for a fatal outcome compared with those without spine-related injuries. Severe injuries (Abbreviated Injury Scale scores ≥ 4) noted for head/neck (29.7%) and chest (24.2%) were significantly associated with fatality. WZ811 Of the 219 cases, 22.8% were inside of a stopped vehicle, and 77.2% were outside a vehicle at the time of injury. Outcomes illustrated the success of the interprofessional collaboration between trauma centers and a medicolegal death investigation agency that resulted in data useful for forensic nurses and pathologists documenting evidence, emergency and trauma responding personnel in patient priority stabilization, and injury prevention specialists for highway safety programs.

Clinical professionals may not have the necessary evidence-based knowledge regarding specific leadership styles to succeed in a leadership role. This article examines the various leadership styles that can be adopted by a clinical professional who transitions into a leadership role. The Path-Goal theory developed by Robert House in 1971 was used as the theoretical lens for this study. Twenty scholarly, peer-reviewed articles written in English and published between 2015 and 2020 were analyzed and synthesized to develop the findings. The findings showed that employee retention was positively associated with transformational and authentic leadership styles; organizational commitment was positively associated with transformational, transactional, and authentic leadership styles; and job satisfaction was positively associated with transformational and authentic leadership styles. In particular, a transformational leadership style demonstrated higher rates of employee retention and job satisfaction than did trannal commitment was positively associated with transformational, transactional, and authentic leadership styles; and job satisfaction was positively associated with transformational and authentic leadership styles. In particular, a transformational leadership style demonstrated higher rates of employee retention and job satisfaction than did transactional and laissez-faire leadership styles. The authentic and transformational leadership styles each saw increased job satisfaction and commitment, but a correlation between the authentic leadership style and those benefits was less evident. Clinical professionals should apply the transformational leadership style to become effective leaders.

To understand developmental-behavioral pediatricians' (DBPs') use of clinic versus telephone encounters for preschool attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) medication management. Understanding use of telephone encounters for pharmacologic management of ADHD in preschoolers may inform care for children with ADHD.

DBP investigators within Developmental Behavioral Pediatrics Research Network abstracted data from medical records of 503 children aged younger than 72 months treated for ADHD with medication by a DBP clinician between January 1, 2013, and July 1, 2017, across 7 sites. We abstracted data about medication treatment episodes (defined as start and end/change of a specific type, dose, and frequency of ADHD medication) and encounter type (clinic vs telephone). We present descriptive statistics related to encounter types and χ2 analyses to compare frequencies across reasons for the end of treatment episode and across sites.

The study included 503 participants with a total of 1734 treatment episodes.