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In addition, it describes the evolution of some epidemiological variables which allowed the country to de-escalate some of the non-pharmaceutical interventions applied during the outbreak.Several territorial governments in Spain are considering inviting Cuban doctors to participate in the fi ght against the coronavirus epidemic, just as they have done in Italy and Andorra...Cuba's healthcare culture is different from Europe's, and the response to the epidemic likely would have been different if criteria were used similar to those followed in Cuba.By June 2020, the cumulative cases and deaths related to COVID-19 in 16 East and Southern African (ESA) countries were still rising, with an average case fatality rate of 1.46%.[1] From its initial presence in cities and regional transport hubs, cases are spreading, including to rural areas, among health workers and as migrants cross borders to return home.[2].Analyzing any bio-psycho-social paradigm is complex and requires a comprehensive, integrative approach. Parsing the health picture of individuals, as well as whole populations, is no exception. Considering masculinity as a factor may shed light on health status, especially since traditional ideas of 'manhood' work against health promotion and prevention, as revealed in studies worldwide. In fact, these studies show a direct association between traditional understandings of masculinity and risks, vulnerabilities and the construction of health. In the last decade, such observations have received a bit more attention from international agencies.Worldwide, there has been a progressive demographic shift over the past 50 years resulting in a larger proportion of older adults in the general population. Aging itself is a complex biological phenomenon characterized in part by changes in the immune system known as "immunosenescence", which makes older adults more susceptible to infectious, cardiovascular and autoimmune diseases, as well as cancers. Several strategies have been proposed in an attempt to reverse immunosenescence, including use of hormones, cytokines and thymic factors. A promising drug in the search to restore the thymic microenvironment (which plays an important role in the regulation and maintenance of the immune system) in older adults is Biomodulina T, a Cuban product registered for use in patients with recurrent respiratory infections. The administration of Biomodulina T increases the number of naïve T-lymphocyte, CD4-positive cells that have recently migrated from the thymus gland (recent thymic emigrants) and memory CD8-positive T lymphocytes, which have characteristics akin to stem cells (stem cell-like memory). Furthermore, the expression of programmed cell death 1 protein in CD4-positive T lymphocytes and CD4-positive T lymphocytes decreases, and the proliferative capacity of CD4-positive T lymphocytes increases, without changes in the frequency of regulatory T lymphocytes. These results suggest that the administration of Biomodulina T could be used to restore immunity in older adults and in other immunocompromised individuals, improve response to other immunotherapies in cancer patients, and increase the effi cacy of vaccinations in older adults. Its use has been approved in Cuba for immune system restoration.KEYWORDS Immunosenescence, aging, immunotherapy, immuno-modulation, antineoplastic protocols, Cuba.INTRODUCTION The scales available to predict death and complica-tions after acute coronary syndrome include angiographic studies and serum biomarkers that are not within reach of services with limited resources. Such services need specifi c and sensitive instruments to evaluate risk using accessible resources and information. OBJECTIVE Develop a scale to estimate and stratify the risk of intra-hospital death in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. METHODS An analytical observational study was conducted in a universe of 769 patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction who were admitted consecutively to the Camilo Cienfuegos Provincial Hospital in Sancti Spíritus Province, Cuba, from January 2013 to March 2018. The fi nal study cohort included 667 patients, ex-cluding 102 due to branch blocks, atrial fi brillation, drugs that prolong the QT interval, low life expectancy or history of myocardial infarction. The demographic variables of age, sex, skin color, classic caose levels. The variable with the best predictive ability was cardiorespiratory arrest, followed by a blood glucose level higher than 11.1 mmol/L. The scale demonstrated a great predictive ability with a detectability index of 0.92. CONCLUSIONS The numeric scale we designed estimates and strati-fi es risk of death during hospitalization for patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and has good metric properties for predictive ability and calibration. KEYWORDS ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, mortality, risk assessment, Cuba.INTRODUCTION Antimicrobial drug resistance constitutes a health risk of increasing concern worldwide. One of the most common av-enues for the acquisition of clinically-relevant antimicrobial resistance can be traced back to the food supply, where resistance is acquired through the ingestion of antimicrobial resistant microorganisms pres-ent in food. Antimicrobial resistance constitutes a health risk, leading to production losses and negative consequences for livelihood and food safety. OBJECTIVE Determine whether resistant bacteria are present in foods in Cuba. METHODS A descriptive observational study was conducted in theMicrobiology Laboratory of Cuba's National Institute of Hygiene, Epi-demiology and Microbiology from September 2004 through Decem-ber 2018. Researchers analyzed 1178 bacterial isolates from food samples. The isolates were identifi ed as Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Vibrio cholerae and coagulase-positive Staphylococcus. The antimi-crobial susceptibility study was performed using the Bauer-Kirby disk diffusion method, following procedures outlined by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. The data were analyzed using WHO-NET version 5.6. RESULTS Of the total isolates, 62.1% were resistant to at least one antibiotic. Within each group, >50% of isolates showed some type of resistance. E. coli and V. cholerae exceeded 50% resistance to tetracycline and ampicillin, respectively. Staphylococcus showed the highest resistance to penicillin, and Salmonella to tetracycline, nali-dixic acid and ampicillin. The highest percentages of non-susceptible microorganisms were identifi ed in meats and meat products. CONCLUSIONS These results serve as an alert to the dangers of acquiring antibiotic-resistant bacteria from food and demonstrate the need to establish a surveillance system and institute measures bacte-rial control in food products.KEYWORDS Microbial drug resistance, bacteria, food, foodborne disease, Cuba.INTRODUCTION On March 11, 2020, WHO declared COVID-19 a pandemic and called on governments to impose drastic measures to fi ght it. It is vitally important for government health authorities and leaders to have reliable estimates of infected cases and deaths in order to apply the necessary measures with the resources at their disposal. Cytoskeletal Signaling inhibitor OBJECTIVE Test the validity of the logistic regression and Gompertz curve to forecast peaks of confi rmed cases and deaths in Cuba, as well as total number of cases. METHODS An inferential, predictive study was conducted using lo-gistic and Gompertz growth curves, adjusted with the least squares method and informatics tools for analysis and prediction of growth in COVID-19 cases and deaths. Italy and Spain-countries that have passed the initial peak of infection rates-were studied, and it was inferred from the results of these countries that their models were ap-plicable to Cuba. This hypothesis was tested by applying goodness-of-fi t and signifi cance tests on its parameters.RESULTS Both models showed good fi t, low mean square errors, and all parameters were highly signifi cant. CONCLUSIONS The validity of models was confi rmed based on logis-tic regression and the Gompertz curve to forecast the dates of peak infections and deaths, as well as total number of cases in Cuba. KEYWORDS COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, logistic models, pandemic, mortality, Cuba.Lower-extremity diabetic ulcers are responsible for 80% of annual worldwide nontraumatic amputations. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) reduction is one of the molecular pillars of diabetic ulcer chronicity, thus EGF administration may be considered a type of replacement therapy. Topical EGF ad-ministration to improve and speed wound healing began in 1989 on burn patients as part of an acute-healing therapy. Further clinical studies based on topically administering EGF to different chronic wounds resulted in disappointing out-comes. An analysis of the literature on unsuccessful clinical trials identifi ed a lack of knowledge concerning (I) molecular and cellular foundations of wound chronicity and (II) the phar-macodynamic requisites governing EGF interaction with its receptor to promote cell response. Yet, EGF intra- and perile-sional infi ltration were shown to circumvent the pharmacody-namic limitations of topical application. Since the fi rst studies, the following decades of basic and clinical research on EGle apoptogenic effectors. It is likely that EGF treatment may rearrange critical epigenetic drivers of diabetic metabolic memory. KEYWORDS Epidermal Growth Factor, diabetes, diabetes complications, wound healing, diabetic foot, amputation, ulcer, Cuba.Dr Héctor Javier Sánchez specializes in public health and research methodology and holds a master's degree in epidemiology. He is a senior researcher in the Society, Culture and Health Department at El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Mexico. The Colegio is a public research institu-tion concentrating on environmental, economic and social issues related to a sustainable future for Mexico's southern border area, and belongs to the National Council of Science and Technol-ogy (CONACYT). In Chiapas State, the country's poorest region and home to many indigenous peoples, Dr Sánchez has carried out studies on TB, poverty and health, domestic violence, hu-man rights, maternal-child health and the effect of agrochemicals on human health.Cristian Morales, an economist by training, has dedicated his career to improving health and health equity in the Americas through his work with PAHO/WHO. This has taken him from hurricanes, earthquakes and epidemics in Haiti to PAHO's Washington DC offi ces, where he was instrumental in achieving consensus on a resolution aiming for universal health-coverage plus access-approved by all governments in the Americas. In 2015, he was appointed PAHO/WHO Permanent Representative in Cuba, and in 2018 to the same post in Mexico.Science journalism was little known in Cuba when Iramis Alonso wrote her the-sis on the specialized fi eld in 1990. That year, journalism degree from the Uni-versity of Havana in hand, she set off to Cuba's eastern countryside to complete two years of social service reporting for local, regional and national print media. Living in the mountains of Holguín, a typical day for the cub reporter took her to caves, forests and fi elds for stories on the intersection of science, culture and the environment. Alonso credits this formative experience with igniting her passion for investigative and sci-ence journalism, setting her on a unique career path as a journalist and editor specializing in the sciences writ large climate change, astronomy, mathemat-ics and other hard sciences, engineer-ing, information technologies and social sciences, among others.