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Our results has emphasized that because amantadine has intense biochemical effects on several ways, it appears to be beneficial in acute period after DAI-associated TBI.

Our results has emphasized that because amantadine has intense biochemical effects on several ways, it appears to be beneficial in acute period after DAI-associated TBI.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the long-term use of PPI and hypomagnesemia in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease.

This case control study was conducted on GERD patients with long-term use of proton pump inhibitor and patients with no history of gastroesophageal reflux and proton pump inhibitor referring to gastrointestinal clinic in 2019. Then concentration of serum magnesium (Mg) and potassium (K) were measured using atomic absorption spectrophotometer according to protocol. Other data were extracted from medical records. Statistical tests such as t-test, chi-square test and ONE WAY ANOVA were used for analysis of data.

In the current study, 263 patients were classified into two groups (case 132, control 131). The mean level of potassium in case and control groups was 3.92±0.64 and 4.20±0.43, respectively (P=0.001). Moreover, the mean level of Mg in two groups was 2.03±0.36 and 2.09±0.52, respectively (P=0.24). In addition, significant difference was seen between serum level of K, regarding the type of protonpumpinhibitorand duration of medication use (p<0.01). However, no significant difference was seen between serum levels of Mg, regarding the type of protonpumpinhibitorsuch as

pantoprazole and other drugs (p>0.05).

Based on these results, long-term use of proton pump inhibitors is not associated with hypomagnesemia in GERD patients. However, long-term use of PPIs may reduce serum potassium levels in these patients. Therefore, periodic evaluation of serum Mg level in PPI-treated patients seems to be unnecessary.

Based on these results, long-term use of proton pump inhibitors is not associated with hypomagnesemia in GERD patients. However, long-term use of PPIs may reduce serum potassium levels in these patients. Therefore, periodic evaluation of serum Mg level in PPI-treated patients seems to be unnecessary.

With the appearance of enhancing high-resolution manometry (HRM), realizing the difference of achalasia symptoms between classified groups by HRM is an outcome of interest in areas with remote access to this device.

All patients newly diagnosed with achalasia from January 2019 to March 2020 were enrolled in the study. All the patients were diagnosed via HRM after undergoing endoscopy to rule out pseudo-achalasia, and grouped based on the Chicago classification criteria and answered a questionnaire assessing relevant symptoms.

We included 62 patients recently diagnosed with achalasia with a mean age of 53.66 in males (n=30), and 45.4 in females (n=32). Mean time of diagnosis was 24 months. Thirty-seven percent were in type I, 50% in type II, and 13% in type III. Dysphagia and weight loss were higher in type III, while all other relevant symptoms were higher in type II, none of which, however, was statistically significant. Weight loss was reversely associated with duration of symptoms (Spearman correlation= -0.3, P=0.01), and this reverse association was more prominent in females (Spearman correlation= -0.47, P=0.009), type III (Spearman correlation= -0.74, P=0.03), and in the first clinical stages (Spearman correlation= -0.55, P=0.04) in sub analysis.

Type II is the most common type of achalasia in this study. Unlike HRM classification, clinical manifestations alone cannot be used to group patients into different types. However, significant weight loss of the newly diagnosed subjects can become an indicator of on-time diagnosis of the patients.

Type II is the most common type of achalasia in this study. Unlike HRM classification, clinical manifestations alone cannot be used to group patients into different types. However, significant weight loss of the newly diagnosed subjects can become an indicator of on-time diagnosis of the patients.

Sumatriptan is a routine medication in the treatment of migraine and cluster headache that is generally given by oral or parental routes. However, a substantial proportion of patients suffer severe side effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the physicochemical characterization and pharmacokinetic parameters of a novel delivery system for sumatriptan succinate (SS) using nanoliposomes (NLs) coated by chitosan (CCLs) to optimize the formulations to enhance its bioavailability.

The new formulation was used to minimize drug particle size and extend its release and bioavailability. The mean particle size and entrapment efficiency for NLs and CCls were optimized and the formulations with better characteristics were chosen for

studies. The concentration-time profile of intravenous SS, intranasal SS, SS-NLs, and CCLs were examined in a rabbit model.

The results demonstrated that CCLs were absorbed more rapidly from nasal drops containing chitosan compared to those of SS and SS-NLs as indicated by a shorter t

, and a higher C

in both states. A comparison of the AUC (0-240 min) values revealed that chitosan improved the extent of SS absorption for CCLs formulation. The results of the present study indicated that loading SS into the liposome and coating with chitosan improves drug absorption and a large amount of the drug can be efficiently delivered into the systemic circulation.

The liposomal and chitosan formulations of SS had better kinetic behavior than the soluble form in the animal model.

The liposomal and chitosan formulations of SS had better kinetic behavior than the soluble form in the animal model.

Misoprostol is a myometrial stimulant with uterotonic properties and can be administered rectally, vaginally, or sublingually. Numerous studies have investigated the effect of misoprostol on the prevention and treatment of PPH (postpartum hemorrhage) after vaginal delivery, but its use to control PPH during cesarean section has not been widely studied.

In this clinical trial study, 180 pregnant women who were candidates for cesarean section were included in the study. They were divided into 3 groups of 60 people (sublingual misoprostol group, rectal misoprostol group, control group). Tyrphostin B42 In all three groups, the volume of blood lost was recorded in the checklist at the end of surgery. Data were entered into SPSS software and analyzed.

The mean bleeding in the control group was 225.4±63.9, while it was 137.9±33.8 and 118.9±28.5 in the sublingual misoprostol group and rectal misoprostol group, respectively. We had significantly more bleeding in the control group (p<0.001) compared to the other two groups.

These results confirm the positive effect of misoprostol in reducing bleeding and show the superiority of using rectal misoprostol compared to other methods of reducing bleeding during cesarean section.

These results confirm the positive effect of misoprostol in reducing bleeding and show the superiority of using rectal misoprostol compared to other methods of reducing bleeding during cesarean section.

Unlike some regions of the world where digestive system cancers are not considered as important health problems, these neoplasms are among the most common malignancies in the northern region of Iran.

This observational analytical study was carried out based on data collected by the Cancer Registration Center affiliated to the Vice Chancellery for Health of Babol University of Medical Sciences, North of Iran, during 2008-2017. Crude incidence rate (CR), and age-standardized incidence rate (ASR) have been calculated for different GI cancers, based on the primary involved site; and have been compared in different years, patients' age, gender and place of residence.

Totally, 4332 records were related to digestive system cancers. Mean age of patients was 63.48±14.73 years; men (2743; 63.3%) were more affected than women (1589; 36.7%) (p<0.001). The most incident malignancies of digestive system were from stomach, colorectal and esophagus in men; and colorectal, stomach and esophagus in women, respectively. These three cancers accounted for 3725 (85.98%) of total GI malignancies. The mean age of patients in various types of GI cancers was statistically different (p<0.001). Age- standardized incidence rate showed different values in different years; from 521.40 (95% CI 462.79-580.00) in year 2016 to 1834.33 (95% CI 1637.36-2031.29) in year 2008.

Gastric, esophageal and colorectal cancers were the most prevalent digestive system malignancies in Babol, North of Iran, and accounted for about 86% of all GI tract cancers. A considerable variation has been found in incident gastrointestinal cancers in different years.

Gastric, esophageal and colorectal cancers were the most prevalent digestive system malignancies in Babol, North of Iran, and accounted for about 86% of all GI tract cancers. A considerable variation has been found in incident gastrointestinal cancers in different years.

Evidence showed that abnormal alteration ofadipokines level may perform a key role in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) pathogenesis. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) and progranulin (PGRN) are two novel adipokines related to insulin resistance (IR). Thus, we aimed to determine the serum DPP4 activity and PGRN level in PCOS patients with and without IR, and non-PCOS women.

Ninety women were recruited in the present study including 60 PCOS patients (divided into two groups of 30 IR and 30 non-IR) and 30 non-PCOS women. Serum levels of insulin, fasting blood glucose, PGRN, and DPP4 activity were measured, and IR indices were calculated.

DPP4 activity was significantly higher in PCOS-IR and PCOS-NIR patients than non-PCOS women (p<0.001, P=0.011, respectively), whereas no significant variation was detected between two groups of PCOS subjects. There was no significant difference in the level of PGRN in the three groups of the present study.

The present study suggests that increasing DPP4 activity may be associated with PCOS.

The present study suggests that increasing DPP4 activity may be associated with PCOS.

Beta-thalassemia major patients typically require chronic transfusion and iron-chelating agents to reduce serum iron overload. Osveral

is an available Iranian brand name of deferasirox used by majority of thalassemic patients. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of Osveral

vs. Exjade

in major beta- thalassemia patients.

In this randomized clinical trial, all patients received a single daily dose of 30 mg/kg either of Osveral

or Exjade

for 6 months. Primary outcome was the mean of bimonthly changes in serum ferritin concentration and secondary outcomes included mean changes of heart and liver MRI T2* after a year.

Finally, 80 patients completed the study. The mean serum ferritin level at the end of sixth month significantly decreased in Osveral

and Exjade

groups (p<0.01). After a year, means cardiac MRI T2* in Osveral

group were changed from 25.9±9.6 ms to 25.4±9.7 ms and in Exjade

group from 24.8±9.2 ms to 26.9±5.9 ms, with no significant difference (P=0.43). Mean liver MRI T2* for Osveral

and Exjade

groups were 8.