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12 mg/g dry cell weight (DCW), which was 85.7% higher than without the addition of unsaturated fatty acids. The constitutive promoter expression strategy employed in this study achieved efficient lycopene synthesis in S. cerevisiae, and the strain bpIETB was obtained a suitable chassis host for lycopene production, which provides a basis for further optimization of lycopene production in artificial synthetic cells and a reference for the multi-enzyme synthesis of other similar complex terpenoids.

This systematic review describes and evaluates the current literature on remote otological assessment using video-otoscopy with regards to reliability and potential applications.

Systematic review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA statement. There was heterogeneity of included studies, so a descriptive analysis was undertaken.

Seventeen studies were included for analysis conducted across a variety of healthcare settings. Overall, there was a trend towards acquisition of adequate images for diagnosis by non-otolaryngology-specialist facilitators with reasonable agreement between asynchronous images and controls; however, there was significant variation between the studies.

Remote otological assessment using video-otoscopy shows potential as a safe and effective method for detecting the presence of ear disease in a wide range of healthcare settings. Barriers to the acquisition of adequate images include the presence of obstructing cerumen, and strategies to deal with this should be considered. Further work is required to evaluate endoscope-based systems to assess whether they will allow the acquisition of higher quality images.

Remote otological assessment using video-otoscopy shows potential as a safe and effective method for detecting the presence of ear disease in a wide range of healthcare settings. Barriers to the acquisition of adequate images include the presence of obstructing cerumen, and strategies to deal with this should be considered. Further work is required to evaluate endoscope-based systems to assess whether they will allow the acquisition of higher quality images.Breast cancer is currently the most common cancer and the leading cause of cancer death among women worldwide. Advanced breast cancer is prone to metastasis, and there is currently no drug to cure metastatic breast cancer. The purinergic ligand-gated ion channel 7 receptor is an ATP-gated nonselective cation channel receptor and is involved in signal transduction, growth regulation, cytokine secretion, and tumor cell development. Recent studies have shown that upregulation of the P2X7 receptor in breast cancer can mediate AKT signaling pathways, Ca2 þ-activated SK3 potassium channels, and EMT and regulate the secretion of small extracellular vesicles to promote breast cancer invasion and migration, which are affected by factors such as hypoxia and ATP. In addition, studies have shown that microRNAs can bind to the 3' untranslated region of the P2X7 receptor, which affects the occurrence and development of breast cancer by upregulating and downregulating P2X7 receptor expression. Studies have shown that new P2X7 receptor inhibitors, such as emodin and Uncaria tomentosa, can inhibit P2X7 receptor-mediated breast cancer invasion and are expected to be used clinically. This article reviews the research progress on the relationship between the P2X7 receptor and breast cancer to provide new ideas and a basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment.Climate change is rapidly changing how we live, what we eat and produce, the crops we breed and the target traits. Previously underutilized orphan crops that are climate resilient are receiving much attention from the crops research community, as they are often the only crops left in the field after periods of extreme weather conditions. There are several orphan crops with incredible resilience to biotic and abiotic stresses. Some are nutritious, while others provide good sources of biofuel, medicine and other industrial raw materials. Despite these benefits, orphan crops are still lacking in important genetic and genomic resources that could be used to fast track their improvement and make their production profitable. Progress has been made in generating draft genomes of at least 28 orphan crops over the last decade, thanks to the reducing cost of sequencing. The implementation of a structured breeding program that takes advantage of additional modern crop improvement tools such as genomic selection, speed breeding, genome editing, high throughput phenotyping and breeding digitization would make rapid improvement of these orphan crops possible, but would require coordinated research investment. Other production challenges such as lack of adequate germplasm conservation, poor/non-existent seed systems and agricultural extension services, as well as poor marketing channels will also need to be improved if orphan crops were to be profitable. We review the importance of breeding orphan crops under the increasing effects of climate change, highlight existing gaps that need to be addressed and share some lessons to be learned from major crops.Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a novel coronavirus, is responsible for the outbreak of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) and was first identified in Wuhan, China in December 2019. It is evident that the COVID-19 pandemic has become a challenging world issue. Although most COVID-19 patients primarily develop respiratory symptoms, an increasing number of neurological symptoms and manifestations associated with COVID-19 have been observed. In this narrative review, we elaborate on proposed neurotropic mechanisms and various neurological symptoms, manifestations, and complications of COVID-19 reported in the present literature. For this purpose, a review of all current published literature (studies, case reports, case series, reviews, editorials, and other articles) was conducted and neurological sequelae of COVID-19 were summarized. Essential and common neurological symptoms including gustatory and olfactory dysfunctions, myalgia, headache, altered mental status, confusion, delirium, and dizziness are presented separately in sections. Moreover, neurological manifestations and complications that are of great concern such as stroke, cerebral (sinus) venous thrombosis, seizures, meningoencephalitis, Guillain-Barré syndrome, Miller Fisher syndrome, acute myelitis, and posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) are also addressed systematically. Future studies that examine the impact of neurological symptoms and manifestations on the course of the disease are needed to further clarify and assess the link between neurological complications and the clinical outcome of patients with COVID-19. To limit long-term consequences, it is crucial that healthcare professionals can early detect possible neurological symptoms and are well versed in the increasingly common neurological manifestations and complications of COVID-19.

We have reviewed the surgical procedures performed and outcomes for low-birth-weight infants with acquired subglottic stenosis.

The gestational age at birth, birth weight, age at Laryngotracheal reconstruction, and therapeutic outcome over the past 26years were reviewed. CA77.1 Laryngotracheal reconstruction was initially performed by costochondral grafting involving only the anterior wall for the first operation, but since 2010 a costal cartilage was also inserted into the posterior wall of the cricoid cartilage using the BENSON pylorus spreader to split the cartilage.

There were 21 patients. The mean gestational age was 29.6weeks, the mean birth weight was 1127g, and the first surgery was performed at a mean age of 37.0 ± 21.8months. Extubation was possible in 11 of 21 patients (52.3%) after the first surgery and in 7 of 7 patients after re-operation. The total extubation rate reached 100% (18/18) excluding three patients (one who suffered sudden death, and two who were lost to follow-up).

Sufficient dilatation of the subglottic space could not be achieved by costochondral grafting involving the anterior wall alone. The extubation rate was improved by dilatation of the posterior wall and the insertion of costal cartilage into both the anterior and posterior walls.

Sufficient dilatation of the subglottic space could not be achieved by costochondral grafting involving the anterior wall alone. The extubation rate was improved by dilatation of the posterior wall and the insertion of costal cartilage into both the anterior and posterior walls.

In infants and toddlers, gastrostomy tube placement (GT) is typically accompanied by consideration of concomitant Nissen fundoplication (NF). Historically, rates of NF have varied across providers and institutions. This study examines practice variation and longitudinal trends in NF at pediatric tertiary centers.

Patients ≤ 2years who underwent GT between 2008 and 2018 were identified in the Pediatric Health Information System database. Patient demographics and rates of NF were examined. Descriptive statistics were used to evaluate the variation in the proportion of GT with NF at each hospital, by volume and over time.

40,348 patients were identified across 40 hospitals. Most patients were male (53.8%), non-Hispanic white (49.5%) and publicly-insured (60.4%). Rates of NF by hospital varied significantly from 4.2 to 75.2% (p < 0.001), though were not associated with geographic region (p = 0.088). Rates of NF decreased from 42.8% in 2008 to 14.2% in 2018, with a mean annual rate of change of - 3.07% (95% CI - 3.53, - 2.61). This trend remained when stratifying hospitals into volume quartiles.

There is significant practice variation in performing NF. Regardless of volume, the rate of NF is also decreasing. Objective NF outcome measurements are needed to standardize the management of long-term enteral access in this population.

There is significant practice variation in performing NF. Regardless of volume, the rate of NF is also decreasing. Objective NF outcome measurements are needed to standardize the management of long-term enteral access in this population.

Preoperatively planned correction for tibial osteotomy surgery is usually based on weightbearing long-leg Xrays, while the surgery is performed in a supine non-weightbearing position. The purpose of this study was to assess the differences in lower limb alignment in three different weightbearing conditions supine position, double-leg (DL) stance and single-sleg (SL) stance prior to performing a medial opening wedge high tibial osteotomy (MOWHTO) for varus malalignment. The hypothesis of this study was that progressive limb-loading would lead to an increased preoperative varus deformity.

This retrospective study included 89 patients (96 knees) with isolated medial knee osteoarthritis (Ahlbäck grade I or II) and significant metaphyseal tibial vara (> 6°). The differences between supine position, DL stance and SL stance were analysed for the hip-knee-ankle angle (HKA), lateral distal femoral angle (LDFA), medial proximal tibial angle (MPTA), weight-bearing line ratio (WBL) and joint line convergence angle (JLCA).

From a supine position to DL stance, the HKA angle slightly increased from 175.5° ± 1.1° to 176.3° ± 1.1° and JLCA changed from 2.0° ± 0.3° to 1.8° ± 0.3° without a statistically significant difference. From DL to SL stances, the HKA angle decreased from 176.3° ± 1.1° to 174.4° ± 1.1° (p < 0.05) and the JLCA increased from 1.8° ± 0.3° to 2.6° ± 0.3° (p < 0.05). A significant correlation was found between ΔHKA and ΔJLCA between the DL and the SL stances (R

 = 0.46; p = 0.01).

Varus malalignment increases with weight-bearing loading from double-leg to single-leg stances with an associated JLCA increase. Thus, single-leg stance radiographs may be useful to correct preoperative planning considering patient-specific changes in JLCA.

III, retrospective comparative study.

III, retrospective comparative study.