Harboeernst9661

Mean number of gametangia per perigonium and perichaetium were slightly higher for the rhizautoicous species (6.84 antheridia; 11.38 archegonia), than for the gonioautoicous species (4.39; 7.62). Gametangia and sporophyte production in the rhizautoicous species were markedly seasonal compared to that of the gonioautoicous species, while reproductive success did not differ. Selleck AG-14361 Therefore, we infer that the rhizautoicy (i.e., a functional dioicy) promotes lower expression of gametangia compared to gonioautoicy but is more efficient and so obtains the same reproductive success. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Proline-rich antimicrobial peptides expressed in insects are primarily active against Enterobacteriaceae. Mechanistically, they target the bacterial (70S) ribosome after a transporter-based cellular uptake, as revealed for Api137 and Onc112 on Escherichia coli . Initiated by molecular modeling indicating that the Onc112 contact site is conserved among the ribosomes of high-priority pathogens, the ribosome binding of Api137 and Onc112 was studied. The dissociation constants (K d ) of Onc112 were ~75 nmol/L for Escherichia coli , Klebsiella pneumoniae , and Acinetobacter baumannii , 36 nmol/L for Pseudomonas aeruginosa , and 102 nmol/L for Staphylococcus aureus indicating a very promising lead structure to develop broad-spectrum antibiotics. Api137 bound weaker with K d -values ranging from 155 nmol/L to 13 µmol/L. For most bacteria, the antibacterial activities were lower than predicted from the K d -values, which was only partially explained by their ability to enter bacterial cells. Other factors limiting the activity expected from the ribosome binding might be off-target binding. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.INTRODUCTION Despite advances in the management of rheumatic diseases, many patients experience persistent pain and fatigue. Psychological interventions are useful adjunctive treatments, but improvements tend to be small, and progress in this area is needed. The aim of this review was to evaluate the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for the treatment of chronic pain and fatigue in patients with rheumatic disease. METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PsycINFO for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of ACT for the treatment of chronic pain and fatigue in patients with rheumatic disease. Ten RCTs that included people with rheumatic disease were identified, rated for risk of bias, and summarised in terms of effects on relevant outcomes (disability, emotional functioning, pain, and quality of life). RESULTS Treatment with ACT was associated with improvements in physical and emotional functioning, pain, and quality of life in chronic pain patients. The favourable effects of ACT were evident when compared with those of treatment as usual or active control conditions (e.g., pain education and novel medication). There was consistent evidence to show that ACT is beneficial in improving physical and emotional functioning in patients with fibromyalgia but a lack of evidence pertaining to patients with other forms of rheumatic disease. CONCLUSION ACT provides benefit for fibromyalgia patients. Further high-quality research is needed to develop ACT interventions for people with inflammatory rheumatic diseases and to evaluate their effectiveness for managing the pain and fatigue associated with these conditions. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.One-dimensional (1D) nanostructured oxides have been proposed as excellent electron transport materials (ETMs) for perovskite solar cells (PSCs), but this has not yet been demonstrated experimentally. Here, we exploit a facile hydrothermal approach to grow highly oriented anatase TiO2 nanopyramid arrays and further demonstrate their advantages for application in PSCs. The oriented TiO2 nanopyramid arrays afford sufficient contact area for electron extraction and increase light transmission. Moreover, the nanopyramid array/perovskite system exhibits an oriented electric field that can increase charge separation and accelerate charge transport, thereby suppressing charge recombination. As a result, the anatase TiO2 nanopyramid arrays-PSCs deliver a champion power conversion efficiency of ~22.5%, which is the highest PCE reported thus far for PSCs consisting of 1D ETMs. This work demonstrates that the rational design of 1D ETMs can achieve PSCs that perform as well as typical mesoscopic and planar PSCs. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.AIMS The primary objective of this systematic review was to estimate the prevalence and temporal changes in chronic comorbid conditions reported in heart failure (HF) clinical trials. METHODS AND RESULTS We searched MEDLINE for HF trials enrolling more than 400 patients published between 2001 and 2016.Trials were divided into HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), or trials enrolling regardless of ejection fraction. The prevalence of baseline chronic comorbid conditions was categorized according to the algorithm proposed by the Chronic Conditions Data Warehouse, which is used to analyse Medicare data. To test for a trend in the prevalence of comorbid conditions, linear regression models were used to evaluate temporal trends in prevalence of comorbidities. Overall, 118 clinical trials enrolling a cumulative total of 215 508 patients were included. Across all comorbidities examined, data were reported in a mean of 35% of trials, without significant improvement during the study period. Reporting of comorbidities was more common in HFrEF trials (51%) compared with HFpEF trials (27%). Among trials reporting data, hypertension (63%), ischaemic heart disease (44%), hyperlipidaemia (48%), diabetes (33%), chronic kidney disease (25%) and atrial fibrillation (25%) were the major comorbidities. The prevalence of comorbidities including hypertension, atrial fibrillation and chronic kidney disease increased over time while the prevalence of smoking decreased in HFrEF trials. CONCLUSION Many HF trials do not report baseline comorbidities. A more rigorous, systematic, and standardized framework needs to be adopted for future clinical trials to ensure adequate comorbidity reporting and improve recruitment of multi-morbid HF patients. © 2020 European Society of Cardiology.