Haneyhwang0814

Steroid hormones are critical to the regulation of sociosexual behavior. Their role in the formation of pair bonds is complicated by the relative scarcity of this social system in mammals, as well as species and taxonomic differences in endocrine systems. In the present study, we experimentally manipulated the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in female titi monkeys (Plecturocebus cupreus), a neotropical monkey studied for its strong, selective pair bonds. We validated an assay for plasma and urinary cortisol in this species, showing a strong suppression of cortisol following dexamethasone injection, and a significant but somewhat blunted response to adrenocorticotrophin hormone (ACTH) stimulation. Urinary androgens did not change in response to dexamethasone or ACTH. Plasma and urinary cortisol were moderately correlated, whereas urinary cortisol and androgens were only correlated when extreme cortisol values were included. In this study, we laid groundwork for studying the role of glucocorticoids and androgens (and eventually, their interactions with peptides) in the behavioral endocrinology of pair bonds in female titi monkeys.The mudskipper Boleophthalmus pectinirostris inhabits intertidal mudflats, exhibiting semilunar reproductive rhythms. To investigate whether melanopsin is possibly involved in the synchronization of the semilunar spawning rhythm in the female mudskipper, we first cloned all four melanopsin subtypes (opn4m1, opn4m3, opn4x1, opn4x2) in B. pectinirostris. Results from RTq-PCR showed that significantly higher transcription levels of all four melanopsin subtypes were observed in the eyes rather than other tissues. In brain, all four melanopsin subtypes were also detectable in different regions, including the telencephalon, in which the expression of melanopsin has not been reported in other teleosts. The transcription levels of opn4m3 and opn4x1 in the telencephalon exhibited a daily fluctuation pattern. When females entered the spawning season, opn4m1 and opn4x1 transcript levels increased significantly in the telencephalon. During the spawning season, the transcript levels of opn4m3 and opn4x1 in the telencephalon appeared to have a cyclic pattern associated with semilunar periodicity, exhibiting two cycles with a peak around the first or the last lunar quarters. Results from ISH showed that, opn4x1 mRNA was localized in the medial of dorsal telencephalic area, dorsal nucleus of ventral telencephalic area (Vd), ventral nucleus of ventral telencephalic area (Vv), anterior part of parvocellular preoptic nucleus, magnocellular part of the magnocellular preoptic nucleus (PMmc), habenular and ventral zone of hypothalamus. Intriguingly, gnrh3 mRNA was also located in Vd, Vv and PMmc. Taken together, our results suggested that melanopsins, e.g. opn4x1, expressed in the telencephalon might mediate semilunar spawning activity in the female mudskipper.The melanocortin-5 receptor (MC5R) has been implicated in the regulation of exocrine gland secretion, immune regulation, and muscle fatty acid oxidation in mammals. Melanocortin-2 receptor accessory protein 2 (MRAP2) can modulate trafficking, ligand binding, and signaling of melanocortin receptors. To explore potential interaction between ricefield eel (Monopterus albus) MC5R and MRAP2s (maMC5R, maMRAP2X1, and maMRAP2X2), herein we studied the pharmacological characteristics of maMC5R and its modulation by maMRAP2s expressed in the human embryonic kidney cells. Three agonists, α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), ACTH (1-24), and [Nle4, D-Phe7]-α-MSH, could bind to maMC5R and induce intracellular cAMP production dose-dependently. Compared with human MC5R (hMC5R), maMC5R displayed decreased maximal binding but higher binding affinity to α-MSH or ACTH (1-24). When stimulated with α-MSH or ACTH (1-24), maMC5R showed significantly lower EC50 and maximal response than hMC5R. Two maMRAP2s had no effect on cell surface expression of maMC5R, whereas they significantly increased maximal binding. Only maMRAP2X2 significantly decreased the binding affinity of ACTH (1-24). Both maMRAP2X1 and maMRAP2X2 significantly reduced maMC5R efficacy but did not affect ligand sensitivity. The availability of maMC5R pharmacological characteristics and modulation by maMRAP2s will assist the investigation of its roles in regulating diverse physiological processes in ricefield eel.

To improve the complications of traditional laparoscopic radical cystectomy (LRC), a novel technique of extraperitoneal laparoscopic radical cystectomy (ELRC) with preservation of fertility was described.

Selected patients with bladder cancer were treated with the ELRC technique. The seminal vesicles and the vas deferens were preserved. Patient's perioperative conditions, tumor prognosis and follow-up data were analyzed retrospectively.

We successfully completed ELRC surgery in dozens of patients. The orthotopic ileal neobladder was placed in the extraperitoneal area, completely preserving the peritoneum. The postoperative complications caused by postoperative peritoneal loss were reduced. Moreover, the perioperative period was strictly managed with the concept of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS). We described the operation process in detail through a typical case of a child. All patients were free of complication at short-term follow-up, and reported satisfied sexual function with normal erectionroups and longer follow-ups are needed to further understand the safety and practicality of the ELRC technology.

To examine the incidence and factors associated with the development of new comorbidities in men undergoing anti-incontinence surgery after prostate cancer (PCa) surgery. Post-prostatectomy incontinence (PPI) may deter men from engaging in physical activities and increase the risk of developing comorbidities after prostatectomy.

Patients undergoing surgery for PPI from 2006-2019 were identified. A retrospective review was performed to document patient characteristics noted at the time of PCa surgery and compare these with parameters recorded at the time of anti-incontinence surgery.

A total of 229 patients were included. Mean age was 68.8 years at time of incontinence surgery. Median duration of incontinence was 3.5±4.6 years. There was a significant increase in CCI comorbidities between PCa surgery and PPI surgery (2.7±1.5 vs 4.1±1.9, p<0.0001). Almost half of patients (45.2%) developed a new comorbidity while awaiting incontinence surgery including an increase in the incidence of diabetes (21.9% vsbidity.

To evaluate the association between kidney stones and risk of subsequent opioid misuse.

The Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project's (HCUP) inpatient, ambulatory, and emergency department databases from four states were queried to identify associations with a primary diagnosis code related to kidney stones followed by a diagnosis of opioid abuse, dependence, or overdose between 2005 and 2015. Logistic regression was performed to determine the strength and significance of the relationship between number of primary kidney stone episodes and subsequent diagnosis of opioid misuse.

The final cohort included 783,929 patients across four states. On multivariable analysis the number of primary stone encounters (PSE) was strongly associated with the risk of developing an opioid-related disorder (ORD) when adjusting for relevant covariates (odds ratio 1.3). Patients seen in the emergency department (OR 1.4) and those treated in Iowa (OR 2.9) were at higher risk for ORD than those seen in different contexts or states. Younger age increased the strength of this association. Higher income (OR 0.7) and non-white race (OR 0.7) reduced the risk of ORD, while a diagnosis of chronic pain (OR 3.5) increased risk.

Risk of subsequent diagnosis of ORD is increased in patients who have multiple episodes of care related to kidney stones.

Risk of subsequent diagnosis of ORD is increased in patients who have multiple episodes of care related to kidney stones.Due to its high occurrence and mortality rate, breast cancer has been studied from various aspects as one of the cancer field's hot topics in the last decade. Epigenetic alterations are spoused to be highly effective in breast cancer development. Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is an enzymatic epi-protein that takes part in most vital cell functions by its different action modes. EZH2 is suggested to be dysregulated in specific breast cancer types, particularly in advanced stages. Mounting evidence revealed that EZH2 overexpression or dysfunction affects the pathophysiology of breast cancer. In this review, we discuss biological aspects of the EZH2 molecule with a focus on its newly identified action mechanisms. We also highlight how EZH2 plays an essential role in breast cancer initiation, progression, metastasis, and invasion, which emerged as a worthy target for treating breast cancer in different approaches.

Prostate cancer is one of the most frequent causes of cancer death in men worldwide, and novel drugs for prostate cancer therapies are still being developed. Epacadostat Palmitic acid is a common saturated long-chain fatty acid that is known to exhibit anti-inflammatory and metabolic regulatory effects and antitumor activities in several types of tumors. The present study aims to explore the antiproliferative and antimetastatic activities of palmitic acid on human prostate cancer cells and the underlying mechanism.

MTT and colony formation assays were utilized to determine the antiproliferative effect of palmitic acid. Cell metastasis was evaluated by wound healing, Transwell migration and invasion assay. The in vivo anticancer effect was assessed by a nude mouse xenograft model of prostate cancer. The involved molecular mechanisms were investigated by flow cytometry and Western blot analysis.

Palmitic acid significantly suppressed prostate cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Treatment with palmitic acid induced G1 phase arrest, which was associated with downregulation of cyclin D1 and p-Rb and upregulation of p27. In addition, palmitic acid could inhibit prostate cancer cell metastasis, in which suppression of PKCζ and p-Integrinβ1 and an increase in E-cadherin expression might be involved. Furthermore, a mechanistic study indicated that palmitic acid inhibited the key molecules of the PI3K/Akt pathway to block prostate cancer proliferation and metastasis.

Our findings suggested the antitumor potential of palmitic acid for prostate cancer by targeting the PI3K/Akt pathway.

Our findings suggested the antitumor potential of palmitic acid for prostate cancer by targeting the PI3K/Akt pathway.

To explore the effect on food allergy of stachyose.

The egg allergen ovalbumin (OVA) was used to induce a food allergy model of BALB/c mice, and different doses of stachyose were given in process. Using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods to detect the levels of IgE, IgG

, histamine and cytokines. And flow cytometry was used to analyze T

1/T

2 balance further. Besides, Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was used to observe changes of intestinal morphology. Lastly, Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR) and western Blot was conducted to explore the possible mechanism.

Compared with OVA group, serum IgE and IgG

levels in the low-dose (1mg/mouse) group and high-dose (5mg/mouse) group of stachyose were significantly reduced (P<0.05); the level of plasma histamine was also decreased significantly (P<0.05) and the body temperature were decreased. In all, allergic symptoms were alleviated after stachyose treatment. Furthermore, T

1/T

2 balance was improved after stachyose treatment.