Hammertimmons9436

Two distinct stacking orders in ReS2 are identified without ambiguity and their influence on vibrational, optical properties and carrier dynamics are investigated. With atomic resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), two stacking orders are determined as AA stacking with negligible displacement across layers, and AB stacking with about a one-unit cell displacement along the a axis. First-principles calculations confirm that these two stacking orders correspond to two local energy minima. Raman spectra inform a consistent difference of modes I & III, about 13 cm-1 for AA stacking, and 20 cm-1 for AB stacking, making a simple tool for determining the stacking orders in ReS2 . Polarized photoluminescence (PL) reveals that AB stacking possesses blueshifted PL peak positions, and broader peak widths, compared with AA stacking, indicating stronger interlayer interaction. Transient transmission measured with femtosecond pump-probe spectroscopy suggests exciton dynamics being more anisotropic in AB stacking, where excited state absorption related to Exc. III mode disappears when probe polarization aligns perpendicular to b axis. The findings underscore the stacking-order driven optical properties and carrier dynamics of ReS2 , mediate many seemingly contradictory results in the literature, and open up an opportunity to engineer electronic devices with new functionalities by manipulating the stacking order. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.The highly conserved HIV-1 transactivation response element (TAR) binds to the trans-activator protein Tat and facilitates the viral replication in its latent state. The inhibition of Tat-TAR interactions by selectively targeting TAR RNA has been used as a strategy to develop potent anti-viral agents. Therefore, HIV-1 TAR RNA represents a paradigmatic system for therapeutic intervention. Herein, we have employed biotin tagged TAR RNA to assemble its own ligands from a pool of reactive azide-alkyne building blocks. In order to identify binding sites and selectivity of ligands the in situ cycloaddition has been further performed using control nucleotide (TAR DNA and TAR RNA w/b) templates. The hit triazole linked thiazole peptidomimetic products were isolated from the biotin tagged target templates using streptavidin beads. The major triazole lead generated by the TAR RNA presumably binds in the bulge region, shows specificity for TAR RNA over TAR DNA and inhibits Tat-TAR interactions. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.Chronic endometritis (CE) is an unusual inflammatory condition characterized by endometrial plasmacyte infiltration. It has a high prevalence in women with reproductive failure. Because of its characteristic localization patterns and molecular functions, syndecan-1 has been identified as a biomarker of plasmacyte, and syndecan-1 immunohistochemistry (IHC) becomes the most dependable diagnostic method for CE. In this review, we discuss the association between CE and reproductive failure, the clinicopathological characterization of CE, the function and expression of syndecan-1, the progress of syndecan-1 IHC in the diagnosis of CE and the prediction of reproductive outcome. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Ultrathin unobstructed gas transport channels through the membrane selective layer are constructed in mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) by using gravity-induced interface self-assembly of poly(vinylamine) and polymer-modified MIL-101(Cr). For CO2 /N2 (15/85 by volume) mixed gas, the MMMs achieve a high CO2 permeance of 823 gas permeation units and CO2 /N2 selectivity of 242 at 0.5 MPa. Based on economic analyses, a two-stage membrane process can achieve gas separation and economic targets. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are lipid nanoparticles released by Gram-negative bacteria, which play multiple roles in bacterial physiology and adaptation to diverse environments. In this work, we demonstrate that OMVs released by the environmental pathogen Chromobacterium violaceum deliver the antimicrobial compound violacein to competitor bacteria, mediating its toxicity in vivo at a long distance. OMVs purified by ultracentrifugation from the wild-type strain, but not from a violacein-abrogated mutant ΔvioABCDE, contained violacein and inhibited several Gram-positive bacteria. Competition tests using co-culture and transwell assays indicated that the C. violaceum wild-type strain killed Staphylococcus aureus better than the ΔvioABCDE mutant strain. We found that C. Selleckchem SB431542 violaceum achieves growth phase-dependent OMV release by the concerted expression of two quorum sensing (QS)-regulated pathways, namely violacein biosynthesis and VacJ/Yrb system. Although both pathways were activated at high cell density in a QS-dependent manner, the effect on vesiculation was the opposite. While the ΔvioABCDE mutant produced twofold fewer vesicles than the wild-type strain, indicating that violacein induces OMV biogenesis for its own delivery, the ΔvacJ and ΔyrbE mutants were hypervesiculating strains. Our findings uncovered QS-regulated pathways involved in OMV biogenesis used by C. violaceum to package violacein into OMVs for interbacterial competition. © 2020 Society for Applied Microbiology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.Mesoblastic nephroma (MN), also known as congenital mesoblastic nephroma or fetal renal hamartoma, is a rare renal mesenchymal tumor with low malignant potential, occurring most commonly in infants. We present a rare case of cellular mesoblastoma, which could be diagnosed on fine needle aspiration cytology complemented with cell-block immunocytochemistry. The cytopathologists need to be aware of the cytologic and immunocytochemical features of this entity, to accurately diagnose these cases pre-operatively, so as to avoid unnecessary administration of chemotherapy to these infants. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.OBJECTIVES This work aimed to investigate whether quantitative radiomics imaging features extracted from ultrasound (US) can noninvasively predict breast cancer (BC) metastasis to axillary lymph nodes (ALNs). METHODS Presurgical B-mode US data of 196 patients with BC were retrospectively studied. The cases were divided into the training and validation cohorts (n = 141 versus 55). The elastic net regression technique was used for selecting features and building a signature in the training cohort. A linear combination of the selected features weighted by their respective coefficients produced a radiomics signature for each individual. A radiomics nomogram was established based on the radiomics signature and US-reported ALN status. In a receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, areas under the curves (AUCs) were determined for assessing the accuracy of the prediction model in predicting ALN metastasis in both cohorts. The clinical value was assessed by a decision curve analysis. RESULTS In all, 843 radiomics features per case were obtained from expert-delineated lesions on US imaging in this study.