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There was no difference in biochemical analytes between cows with and without lipidosis. On day 3, mean subjective BCS was 3.10 and objective BCS was 3.16, while on day 28, these scores were 2.91 and 2.99, respectively. The calculated liver function index (LFI) was found to be a more sensitive indicator of liver function than the hepatic analytes evaluated. No correlation between BCS variation and lipid infiltration was found. Cholesterol and bilirubin levels showed the most remarkable changes during the early postpartum period. LFI is a potential indicator of postpartum liver function.The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of feed restriction on some physical and blood parameters in horses kept outdoors under natural conditions. Twenty horses were deprived of food for 48 h. They were closely monitored and examined, and blood samples were taken at the beginning (0) of the experiment and 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42 and 48 hours afterward. During the experimental period, the control group (12 animals) had free access to water and hay, while the restricted group had free access to water only. Data were submitted to two-way analysis of variance with repeated measures, and statistical significance was P ≤ 0.05. The horses tolerated feed restriction without complications. Feed restriction had no effect on body mass and body condition score, heart rate, respiratory rate, capillary filling time and body temperature. However, feed restriction decreased the intensity of gastrointestinal sounds (P less then 0.05) compared to the control horses. Feed restriction did not cause any changes in erythrocyte variables and gamma glutamyl transferase, creatinine, total protein, and albumin concentrations. During fasting, there was a reduction in the leukocyte response (P less then 0.05). Feed restriction significantly raised the levels of blood urea nitrogen (24 to 48 hours), aspartate aminotransferase (36 to 48 hours) and total cholesterol (42 to 48 hours). During 48 hours of fasting, there was a continuous increase in triglyceride concentration. Feed restriction for 48 h had a marked effect on the intensity of gastrointestinal sounds and was responsible for important metabolic changes in the healthy horses of our sample.This study aimed to perform ultrasonographic evaluation of the digital flexor tendons of jumping horses undergoing complementary training on a treadmill. IM156 order Fifteen Brazilian Sport horses were divided into two groups Group I with 7 animals in physical training complementary to the standard training at the Brazilian Army's Riding School; and Group II with 8 animals in standard training used in the Brazilian Army's Riding School. Complementary training was performed on a treadmill on an inclined plane. Ultrasonographic images were taken at the beginning and at the end of training. The left thoracic and pelvic limbs of horses were evaluated for echogenicity values and cross-sectional areas of the superficial digital flexor tendons (SDFTs) and deep digital flexor tendons (DDFTs) in zones IA, IIB, and IIIB. The mean areas of the SDFT were 93.7 mm2 and 95.8 mm2 at the beginning and the end of training, respectively. The cross-sectional area of DDFT increased from 124.6 mm2 at the beginning of training to 136.8 mm2 at the end of training. The echogenicity values of both tendons were between 0 and 1 as expected, concluding that clinically, the animals showed adaptation to the exercise protocol with no signs of tendon injury being detected, implying that traditional training and complementary training are safe.An adult neutered male Bengal tiger (Panthera tigris tigris) presented with abnormal gait. Neurological examination showed poor left ambulatory hemiparesis, spontaneous proprioceptive deficit in the left anterior limb, and decreased flexor reflex in the forelimbs. The neurological symptoms suggested a caudal cervical spinal cord lesion. Pathological findings included increased cholinesterase and protein levels in the cerebrospinal fluid. Computed tomography examination revealed C2-C3 intervertebral disc herniation, C5-C6 intervertebral disc herniation associated with a reduction of the intervertebral space, and mild ventral dislocation of the C6 vertebra compared to C5. In addition, severe bilateral shoulder osteoarthritis and a hypoattenuating nodule in the left thyroid gland with an open etiology were observed. These findings were interpreted as indicating cervical spondylomyelopathy (CSM). Treatment included analgesic and steroidal anti-inflammatory therapy as well as movement restriction. Follow-up at 4 weeks showed modest improvement. Thus, CSM should be included in the differential diagnosis of tigers with neurological cervical signs.Atmospheric pollutants increase the risk of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) which has been widely reported. However, little is known about the relationships between air pollution and specific subsets of AIS, such as wake-up stroke (WUS) and non-wake-up stroke (non-WUS). This study aimed to explore the relationship between WUS and non-WUS and atmospheric pollutants. A total of 1432 patients (331 WUS patients and 1101 non-WUS patients) were admitted to a tertiary hospital from 2016 to 2019. A time-stratified case-crossover design and a conditional logistic regression model to study the associations of change in pollutant concentration with WUS and non-WUS events were constructed. Data analysis revealed that WUS-related risks increased 48 to 72 h after the increase in the PM2.5 concentration (each 10 μg/m3 increase, lag 0-72 h) [threshold OR (95% CI)18 μg/m3 1.03 (0.94-1.11), 35 μg/m3 1.01 (0.92-1.12), 50 μg/m3 1.04 (0.91-1.19)]; the non-WUS-related risk increased 1 to 6 h after the increase in the PM2.5 concentratiith elderly, overweight, and diabetes appeared particularly susceptible to WUS, and patients with hypertension and smoking history were susceptible to non-WUS. We need to expand the sample for further investigation into mechanisms by which environmental pollutants trigger WUS or non-WUS.Generation of construction and demolition waste (CDW) is a challenge for sustainable development. Recycling is required in response to energy consumption and natural resource depletion caused by CDW. Public-private partnership (PPP) mode provides a strategy for CDW recycling. This study aims to investigate the decision-making behaviours of the government and recyclers and propose management mechanisms to improve CDW recycling. Based on evolutionary game model, the influencing factors of stakeholders' behavioural strategies were identified, including the government supervision costs, penalty, subsidy, the benefits and costs of recyclers' cooperation and opportunism and consumers' purchase intention. The results revealed how the initial strategy proportions, penalties, subsidies and consumers' purchase intentions affect the evolutionary paths of stakeholders' decision-making behaviours in CDW recycling PPP projects. The larger the initial strategy value, the faster the evolutionary trajectory reaches ESS (0, 1). The penalty can restrain speculative behaviours of recyclers, whilst the subsidy has no significant effect. Consumer purchase intention can reduce the cost of government supervision and improve the cooperation efficiency of recyclers. These findings may contribute to enriching the body of knowledge in CDW and providing management mechanisms for CDW recycling practice. Appropriate penalty, subsidy and financial support policies should be formulated to promote the development of CDW recycling PPP projects.This paper examines the relationship between climate change and the spatial distribution of population in China. We establish a two-way fixed effects model to investigate the role of temperature difference in the spatial distribution of China's population. We find that the annual variation of temperature has an impact on city size in both large and small cities, and that city size tends to shrink as the temperature difference increases. Meanwhile, we also find that the population in the cities located south of Qinling-Huaihe Line and Aihui-Tengchong Line (Hu's Line) is more sensitive to temperature effects, and that the temperature difference has a significant negative effect on city size. Similarly, the same results are found for prefecture-level cities with low administrative levels. Considering the endogeneity between temperature change and city size, we adopt an instrumental variable using latitude to perform a more robust empirical analysis, the results of a series of robustness tests support these conclusions.Orofacial cleft (OFC) is one of the most common congenital defects, with worldwide cases occurring in approximately 1700 to 11000 births. This incidence is among the highest birth defects in Indonesia, and the incidence rate in Bandung Regency (14.69%) is the second-highest in West Java province. The purpose of this study was to analyze the association of heavy metal factors that accumulate in infants to the risk of OFC in Bandung Regency. The method was used by testing heavy metals Hg, Pb, Cd, Co, and Cr in infant blood. The total sample were 54 samples, where the case respondent of 32 and 22 respondents as the control group. Blood samples were analyzed using ICP-MS Agilent 7900. The correlation using statistic analyze namely chi-square analysis (bivariate) and multiple logistic regression (multivariate). The results showed that there was a significant difference in the concentration of heavy metals Hg, Pb, and Cd as well as an increase in Pb and Cd in the infant's blood which was thought to be significantly associated with the risk of OFC.This study examines two pharmaceutical supply chains (PSCs) under the product life cycle and marketing strategies for the first time. Nash equilibrium between PSCs is based on marketing mix factors (i.e., price, the value provided by the value chain, availability, and promotion) at different periods of product life (i.e., introduction, growth, and maturity). Considering the previous step's outputs, environmental protection, and sustainable development, this study provides a multi-objective mixed-integer nonlinear programming model (MOMINLP) for the design of PSCs to minimize environmental pollution and maximize profit, consumer health level, and brand equity. At this stage of the network design, disruption issues in the manufacturer, distributor, and retailer are considered. Based on the value from the value chain in different periods of product life, different scenarios are considered. Optimizing the supply chain network design (SCND) under uncertainty through the reliability and Six Sigma concepts is examinn the other optimization levels.This study aimed to quantify the exposure of foundry workers to crystalline silica and associated cancer and non-cancer health risks using a probabilistic approach. Breathing zone air samples were collected according to the NIOSH 7602 method and analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The health risks posed by crystalline silica were then assessed using the EPA-developed inhalation risk assessment model and Monte Carlo simulation. The sensitivity analysis was also conducted to determine the contribution of input parameters to the health risks. The mean concentration of crystalline silica in six foundry stations ranged from 0.029 to 0.064 mg m-3, exceeding the occupational exposure limits. The average values of cancer risks were greater than the USEPA level, i.e., 1E - 6 in all workstations of the foundry. Workers in sand preparation and molding stations suffered the greatest cancer risks, with the mean value of 2.35E - 5 and 2.10E - 5, respectively. Non-cancer hazard quotient exceeded 1 in all foundry stations ranging from 1.