Hamiltontran8199

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAngelman Syndrome (AS) is a severe neurogenetic disorder for which there is no cure, despite decades of research using mouse models. This study utilized a recently developed rat model of AS to delineate disease-relevant outcome measures in order to facilitate therapeutic development. We found the rat to be a strong model of AS, offering several advantages over mouse models by exhibiting numerous AS-relevant phenotypes including overabundant laughter-like vocalizations, reduced hippocampal long-term potentiation, and volumetric anomalies across the brain. These findings are unconfounded by detrimental motor abilities and background strain, issues plaguing mouse models. find more This rat model represents an important advancement in the field of AS and the outcome metrics reported herein will be central to the therapeutic pipeline.Many daily choices are based on one's own knowledge. However, when predicting other people's behavior, we need to consider the differences between our knowledge and other people's presumed knowledge. Social agents need a mechanism to use privileged information for their own behavior but exclude it from predictions of others. Using fMRI, we investigated the neural implementation of such social and personal predictions predictions in healthy human volunteers of both sexes by manipulating privileged and shared information. The medial frontal cortex appeared to have an important role in flexibly making decisions using privileged information for oneself or predicting others behavior. Specifically, we show that ventromedial prefrontal cortex tracked the state of the world independent of the type of decision (personal, social), whereas dorsomedial regions adjusted their frame of reference to the use of privileged or shared information. Sampling privileged evidence not available to the confederate also relied on specific interactions between TPJ and frontal pole.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWhat we know about the minds of others and how we use that information is crucial to understanding social interaction. Mentalizing, or reading the minds of others, is argued to be particularly well developed in the human and crucially affected on some disorders. However, the intractable nature of human interactions makes it very difficult to study these processes. Here, we present a way to objectively quantify the information people have about others' and to investigate how their brain deals with this information. link2 This shows that people use similar areas in the brain related to non-social decision making when making decisions in social situations and modify this information processing by the knowledge about others.

The prevalence of intracranial artery stenosis is high in Asian people. This study aimed to investigate whether there are differences in the imaging features of symptomatic MCA stenosis in patients of different ages using vessel wall MR imaging.

We retrospectively reviewed the data of consecutive patients with unilateral MCA stenosis based on a prospectively established vessel wall MR imaging data base between January 2017 and December 2018. According to age, the patients were divided into the young group (18-45 years of age) and the middle-aged and elderly group (older than 45 years of age).

Overall, 131 patients with unilateral MCA stenosis were included (45.8% in the young group and 54.2% in the middle-aged and elderly group). Middle-aged and elderly patients had a higher prevalence of hypertension (

= .01) and diabetes (

= .05). The lesion length (

< .0001), proportion of circular involvement (

= .006), and proportion of circular enhancement (

= .03) were higher in the young group than in the middle-aged and elderly group. link3 The analysis of the atherosclerotic subgroup showed that compared with middle-aged and elderly patients, young patients had longer lesions (

= .002). The atherosclerotic-versus-nonatherosclerotic subgroup analysis showed that the maximal wall thickness in the patients with atherosclerosis was larger than that of patients without it (

= .002).

Compared with the middle-aged and elderly group, young patients with MCA stenosis tended to have longer lesions and more circular wall involvement and circular enhancement, which may indicate the differences in underlying vascular pathophysiologic and developmental mechanisms in symptomatic MCA stenosis.

Compared with the middle-aged and elderly group, young patients with MCA stenosis tended to have longer lesions and more circular wall involvement and circular enhancement, which may indicate the differences in underlying vascular pathophysiologic and developmental mechanisms in symptomatic MCA stenosis.

Abnormal ADC values are seen in ischemic brain lesions such as acute or chronic hypoxia. We aimed to assess whether ADC values in the developing brain measured by in utero DWI were different in fetuses with congenital heart disease compared with healthy controls.

In utero DWI was performed in 50 fetuses with congenital heart disease and 100 healthy controls at a similar gestational age. Pair-wise ADC values of the ROIs were manually delineated on each side of the frontal and periatrial WM and in the basal ganglia, thalamus, and cerebellar hemisphere, as well as a single measurement in the pons.

Fetuses with congenital heart disease had significantly lower ADC values in frontal and periatrial WM and the pons than controls (all

< .05) in the early stages of pregnancy. However, ADC values in the thalamus were higher for fetuses with congenital heart disease than for controls (gestational age, ≥26 weeks). For ADC values in the cerebellar hemisphere, there was no obvious significance between cases and controls (

= .07) in the late stages of pregnancy. Basal ganglia ADC values were consistently not significantly different between the 2 groups during the early and late stages of pregnancy (

= .47; .21).

Abnormal brain diffusivity can be detected using in utero DWI in fetuses with congenital heart disease. Abnormal ADC values found at a mean gestational age of 26 weeks suggest structural changes, which may provide an early indicator of the impact of congenital heart disease on the developing brain.

Abnormal brain diffusivity can be detected using in utero DWI in fetuses with congenital heart disease. Abnormal ADC values found at a mean gestational age of 26 weeks suggest structural changes, which may provide an early indicator of the impact of congenital heart disease on the developing brain.

In parathyroid CT, a noncontrast phase aids discrimination of parathyroid lesions (not iodine-containing) from thyroid tissue (iodine-containing). When thyroid iodine is pathologically diminished, this differentiation is difficult with standard CT. Because the attenuation of an element is maximal near its K-edge (iodine  = 33.2 keV), we hypothesized that dual-energy CT 40-keV virtual monoenergetic images will accentuate thyroid iodine relative to standard images, improving the differentiation of thyroid from parathyroid lesions. Our purpose was to test this hypothesis through quantitative assessment of Hounsfield unit attenuation and contrast-to-noise on dual-energy CT standard (70-keV) and 40-keV noncontrast images.

For this retrospective study including 20 dual-energy parathyroid CTs, we used an ROI-based analysis to assess the attenuation of thyroid tissue, parathyroid lesions, and sternocleidomastoid muscle as well as corresponding contrast-to-noise on standard and 40- keV noncontrast images. Wilcoxonarathyroid lesions from thyroid tissue by significantly increasing thyroid attenuation and associated contrast-to-noise. These findings are particularly relevant for parathyroid lesions that exhibit isoattenuation to the thyroid on parathyroid CT arterial and venous phases and could, therefore, be missed without the noncontrast phase.

Data on adjunctive intra-arterial thrombolysis during mechanical thrombectomy for refractory thrombus are sparse. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of local intra-arterial urokinase as an adjunct to mechanical thrombectomy for refractory large-vessel occlusion.

We retrospectively evaluated patients with acute ischemic stroke who underwent mechanical thrombectomy for anterior circulation large-vessel occlusion between January 2016 and December 2019. Patients were divided into 2 groups based on the use of intra-arterial urokinase as an adjunctive therapy during mechanical thrombectomy for refractory thrombus the urokinase and nonurokinase groups. Herein, refractory thrombus was defined as the target occlusion with minimal reperfusion (TICI 0 or 1) despite >3 attempts with conventional mechanical thrombectomy. The baseline characteristics, procedural outcomes, and clinical outcome were compared between the 2 groups.

One hundred fourteen cases of refractory thrombus were identical thrombectomy for refractory thrombus in patients with embolic large-vessel occlusion.

Although many pediatric neuroradiology practices empirically use noncontrast brain and pituitary MR imaging for evaluation of growth hormone deficiency, central precocious puberty, and short stature, there are currently insufficient published data to support this practice in an evidence-based fashion. Therefore, the use of contrast-enhanced MR imaging for all pediatric pituitary endocrinopathies remains widespread. We evaluated whether noncontrast MR imaging has adequate diagnostic yield for the evaluation of pediatric growth hormone deficiency, central precocious puberty, and short stature.

Pituitary MR imaging studies obtained for growth hormone deficiency, central precocious puberty, or short stature in patients 0-18 years of age from 2010 to 2019 were analyzed. Separate blinded review of noncontrast images in cases with abnormalities on the original radiology report was performed by 2 subspecialty-trained pediatric neuroradiologists, with discrepancies resolved by consensus.

Of the 134/442 MR imaginure.

In our study, most relevant radiologic findings in patients with growth hormone deficiency, central precocious puberty, and short stature were detectable without contrast, providing evidence that contrast can be avoided in routine MR imaging evaluation of these indications. We propose a "rapid noncontrast pituitary" MR imaging protocol for pediatric patients presenting with growth hormone deficiency, central precocious puberty, or short stature, which may increase efficiency and decrease contrast and anesthesia exposure.

HIV care engagement is lower among black sexual-minority men relative to other racial/ethnic groups of sexual-minority men. Being in a primary relationship is generally associated with more successful HIV care engagement across various populations. However, among black sexual-minority men, the association between primary relationship status and HIV-related outcomes is inconsistent across the HIV care continuum. Given the ubiquity of mobile technology access and use among racial/ethnic minority communities, leveraging mobile technology for HIV care engagement appears a promising intervention strategy. This paper outlines the protocol of the LetSync study, a pilot randomised controlled trial of a mobile health app intervention developed using the Framework of Dyadic HIV Care Engagement to improve care-engagement outcomes among black sexual-minority male couples living with HIV.

Eighty black sexual-minority men in couples (n=160) will be enrolled to pilot test the

app. At least one member of each dyad must be both HIV-positive and self-identify as black/African-American.